细胞外囊泡治疗皮肤损伤和疾病的幕后故事。
Behind the Scenes of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Skin Injuries and Disorders.
机构信息
Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
出版信息
Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2022 Nov;11(11):575-597. doi: 10.1089/wound.2021.0066. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
Skin wounds and disorders compromise the protective functions of skin and patient quality of life. Although accessible on the surface, they are challenging to address due to paucity of effective therapies. Exogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell-free derivatives of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are developing as a treatment modality. Knowledge of origin MSCs, EV processing, and mode of action is necessary for directed use of EVs in preclinical studies and methodical translation. Nanoscale to microscale EVs, although from nonskin cells, induce functional responses in cutaneous wound cellular milieu. EVs allow a shift from cell-based to cell-free/derived modalities by carrying the MSC beneficial factors but eliminating risks associated with MSC transplantation. EVs have demonstrated striking efficacy in resolution of preclinical wound models, specifically within the complexity of skin structure and wound pathology. To facilitate comparison across studies, tissue sources and processing of MSCs, culture conditions, isolation and preparations of EVs, and vesicle sizes require standardization as these criteria influence EV types and contents, and potentially determine the induced biological responses. Procedural parameters for all steps preceding the actual therapeutic administration may be the key to generating EVs that demonstrate consistent efficacy through known mechanisms. We provide a comprehensive review of such parameters and the subsequent tissue, cellular and molecular impact of the derived EVs in different skin wounds/disorders. We will gain more complete knowledge of EV-induced effects in skin, and specificity for different wounds/conditions. The safety and efficacy of current preclinical xenogenic applications will favor translation into allogenic clinical applications of EVs as a biologic.
皮肤创伤和疾病会损害皮肤的保护功能,并降低患者的生活质量。尽管皮肤创伤位于体表,但其治疗极具挑战性,因为目前缺乏有效的治疗方法。外源性细胞外囊泡(EVs)和成人多能基质细胞(MSCs)的无细胞衍生物正作为一种治疗方法得到发展。为了在临床前研究中对 EVs 进行有针对性的使用并进行系统的转化,需要了解其来源的 MSCs、EV 处理和作用机制。
纳米级到微米级的 EVs 虽然来源于非皮肤细胞,但能诱导皮肤创伤细胞微环境中的功能性反应。EVs 通过携带 MSC 的有益因子,同时消除与 MSC 移植相关的风险,从而实现从基于细胞的治疗方法向无细胞/衍生方法的转变。EVs 在解决临床前创伤模型方面表现出显著的疗效,特别是在皮肤结构和创伤病理学的复杂性方面。
为了便于跨研究进行比较,需要对 MSCs 的组织来源和处理、培养条件、EVs 的分离和制备以及囊泡大小进行标准化,因为这些标准会影响 EV 的类型和内容,并可能决定所诱导的生物学反应。在实际治疗给药之前的所有步骤的程序参数可能是产生通过已知机制表现出一致疗效的 EV 的关键。我们全面回顾了这些参数,以及衍生的 EVs 在不同皮肤创伤/疾病中的组织、细胞和分子影响。
我们将更全面地了解 EV 诱导的皮肤效应,以及针对不同创伤/病症的特异性。当前临床前异种应用的安全性和有效性将有利于将 EV 作为生物制剂转化为同种异体的临床应用。