在 COVID-19 期间饮酒习惯的变化及其与环境和个体差异变量的关系：系统评价和荟萃分析。
Changes in alcohol use during COVID-19 and associations with contextual and individual difference variables: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Memphis.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
出版信息
Psychol Addict Behav. 2022 Feb;36(1):1-19. doi: 10.1037/adb0000796. Epub 2021 Nov 22.
OBJECTIVE
The present study meta-analyzed studies examining changes in alcohol consumption during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and systematically reviewed contextual and individual difference factors related to these changes.
METHOD
Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol, studies were gathered via PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, and preprint databases (published April 29, 2021) that examined individual-level changes in consumption during the initial COVID-19 mitigation measures (before October 2020). Next, sample proportion increases and decreases in consumption, in addition to mean change in consumption variables from pre- to during-COVID, were meta-analyzed, and contextual and individual difference variables related to consumption changes during the pandemic were summarized.
RESULTS
One hundred and twenty-eight studies provided data from 58 countries ( = 3,876; = 1,092; aggregate sample = 492,235). The average mean change in alcohol consumption was nonsignificant (Cohen's = -0.01, = .68); however, meta-analysis revealed that 23% of participants reported increases in consumption and 23% reported decreases. These changes were moderated by per capita gross domestic product and country. Narrative synthesis revealed multiple predictors of increased drinking, including contextual changes (e.g., children at home, income loss, working remotely), individual difference variables (being female, a young-to-middle aged adult, or Black), and mental health/alcohol-related risk factors (e.g., depression).
CONCLUSIONS
The identified factors associated with increased alcohol consumption should be considered in planning behavioral health services during future crisis events that abruptly alter everyday environments in ways that increase stress and decrease access to naturally occurring rewards. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
目的
本研究对考察新冠疫情期间饮酒量变化的研究进行了荟萃分析，并系统回顾了与这些变化相关的环境和个体差异因素。
方法
根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）协议，通过 PsycINFO、PubMed/MEDLINE 和预印本数据库（2021 年 4 月 29 日发布）收集研究，这些研究考察了在新冠病毒初始缓解措施期间（2020 年 10 月之前）个体饮酒量的变化。接下来，对消费的增加和减少的样本比例，以及从疫情前到疫情期间消费变量的平均变化进行荟萃分析，并总结了与疫情期间消费变化相关的环境和个体差异变量。
结果
128 项研究提供了来自 58 个国家的数据（n = 3876；n = 1092；总样本 n = 492235）。酒精消费的平均变化无显著意义（Cohen's d = -0.01，p =.68）；然而，荟萃分析显示，23%的参与者报告饮酒量增加，23%的参与者报告饮酒量减少。这些变化受到人均国内生产总值和国家的调节。叙述性综合分析揭示了增加饮酒的多个预测因素，包括环境变化（例如，家中有孩子、收入损失、远程工作）、个体差异变量（女性、年轻到中年成年人、或黑人）以及心理健康/酒精相关风险因素（例如，抑郁）。
结论
在规划未来突然改变日常环境的危机事件中的行为健康服务时，应考虑与增加饮酒量相关的因素，这些变化会增加压力并减少自然奖励的获取。
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