Department of Management, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Social Science Research Institute, Center for Advanced Hindsight, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Nov 22;16(11):e0259928. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259928. eCollection 2021.
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact people worldwide-steadily depleting scarce resources in healthcare. Medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises a much-needed relief but only if the technology gets adopted at scale. The present research investigates people's intention to adopt medical AI as well as the drivers of this adoption in a representative study of two European countries (Denmark and France, N = 1068) during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results reveal AI aversion; only 1 of 10 individuals choose medical AI over human physicians in a hypothetical triage-phase of COVID-19 pre-hospital entrance. Key predictors of medical AI adoption are people's trust in medical AI and, to a lesser extent, the trait of open-mindedness. More importantly, our results reveal that mistrust and perceived uniqueness neglect from human physicians, as well as a lack of social belonging significantly increase people's medical AI adoption. These results suggest that for medical AI to be widely adopted, people may need to express less confidence in human physicians and to even feel disconnected from humanity. We discuss the social implications of these findings and propose that successful medical AI adoption policy should focus on trust building measures-without eroding trust in human physicians.
COVID-19 大流行继续在全球范围内影响人们-不断消耗医疗保健领域稀缺的资源。医疗人工智能（AI）有望带来急需的缓解，但前提是该技术得到大规模采用。本研究在 COVID-19 大流行的初始阶段，对两个欧洲国家（丹麦和法国）进行了一项具有代表性的研究，调查了人们采用医疗 AI 的意愿以及采用的驱动因素（N=1068）。研究结果表明存在 AI 抵触情绪；在 COVID-19 院前进入的假设分诊阶段，只有 10 个人中的 1 个人选择医疗 AI 而不是人类医生。医疗 AI 采用的主要预测因素是人们对医疗 AI 的信任，以及在较小程度上的开放性特质。更重要的是，我们的研究结果表明，对人类医生的不信任和感知独特性的忽视，以及缺乏社会归属感，会显著增加人们对医疗 AI 的采用。这些结果表明，为了广泛采用医疗 AI，人们可能需要对人类医生表达较少的信心，甚至感到与人类脱节。我们讨论了这些发现的社会影响，并提出成功的医疗 AI 采用政策应侧重于建立信任的措施-而不会侵蚀对人类医生的信任。
