Directorate of Research, Studies, and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece.
Primary Healthcare Center of Neos Kosmos, Athens, Greece.
J Med Virol. 2022 Apr;94(4):1465-1472. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27465. Epub 2021 Dec 4.
We studied the third coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wave in Athens metropolitan area (3 738 901 inhabitants) through two seroepidemiological surveys. Persons presenting in 12 healthcare facilities across Athens in March and June 2021 were studied (764 and 901, respectively). Immunoglobulin G antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein were measured by a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. In March the seroprevalence rate was 11.6%, meaning that 435 208 residents of Athens had evidence of immunity. The respective values in June were 55.7% and 2 082 568 residents. The highest seroprevalence rates attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded in persons <18 years (16.3% in March and 31.6% in June), while immunity was mainly vaccine-induced in persons 18-64 years and >65 years. Infection-attributed immunity also increased in older-age groups. Wide ranges in seroprevalence rates were noted across areas in March and June. The highest seroprevalence rates were recorded in Piraeus (47.2%) and West Attica (37.5%). However, the highest increase (>5 times) occurred in Piraeus and the South Section of Athens, which are among the most densely populated areas in Athens. In both study periods, history of COVID-19 or febrile episode, and having a cohabitant with COVID-19 were associated with increased risk for seropositivity among unvaccinated persons (p values <0.001 for all). Residing in Piraeus, the South Section or West Attica was associated with increased risk for seropositivity in June (p values <0.001). Wide heterogeneity in seroprevalence rates was found across areas in Athens, which is mainly attributed to population density. The impact of population mobility and socioeconomic status should be explored.
我们通过两次血清流行病学调查研究了雅典大都市区（3738901 名居民）的第三次 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行浪潮。2021 年 3 月和 6 月，在雅典的 12 家医疗保健机构中研究了出现的人员（分别为 764 人和 901 人）。通过化学发光微粒子免疫测定法测量针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）刺突蛋白的免疫球蛋白 G 抗体。3 月的血清阳性率为 11.6%，这意味着雅典有 435208 名居民具有免疫力。6 月的相应值分别为 55.7%和 2082568 名居民。记录到与 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的最高血清阳性率归因于<18 岁的人（3 月为 16.3%，6 月为 31.6%），而 18-64 岁和>65 岁的人则主要通过疫苗产生免疫力。感染引起的免疫力在老年人群中也有所增加。3 月和 6 月在各地区的血清阳性率差异很大。皮雷埃夫斯（47.2%）和阿提卡西部（37.5%）记录到的血清阳性率最高。然而，皮雷埃夫斯和雅典南部地区的血清阳性率增幅最高（>5 倍），这两个地区是雅典人口最密集的地区之一。在这两个研究期间，未接种疫苗者中，有 COVID-19 病史或发热发作以及与 COVID-19 同住者的人，其血清阳性的风险增加（所有 p 值均<0.001）。6 月时，居住在皮雷埃夫斯、雅典南部或阿提卡西部的人血清阳性的风险增加（p 值均<0.001）。在雅典各地区发现血清阳性率存在广泛的异质性，这主要归因于人口密度。应探讨人口流动和社会经济地位的影响。
