Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Pediatrics. 2021 Dec 1;148(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-051873.
Despite a >99% reduction in US mumps cases after the introduction of mumps vaccine in 1967, outbreaks have occurred in schools and other settings involving vaccinated children and adolescents since 2006.
We analyzed mumps cases reported by US health departments to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We present the incidence and vaccination status of pediatric cases (age <18 years) during 2007-2019 and describe demographic, clinical, and vaccination characteristics of pediatric cases reported during the most recent resurgence in 2015-2019.
During 2007-2019, 9172 pediatric cases were reported, accounting for a median of 32% of all cases reported each year (range: 13%-59%). A median of 87% (range: 81%-94%) of pediatric patients each year had previously received ≥1 measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine dose. During 2015-2019, of 5461 pediatric cases reported, only 2% of those with known import status (74%) were associated with international travel. One percent of patients had complications and 2% were hospitalized. Among patients aged ≥1 year with known vaccination status (72%), 74% of 1- to 4-year-olds had received ≥1 MMR dose and 86% of 5- to 17-year-olds had received ≥2 MMR doses. Since 2016, pediatric mumps cases have been reported in most US states each year (range: 38-45 states).
Since 2007, one-third of US reported mumps cases occurred in children and adolescents, the majority of whom were vaccinated. Clinicians should suspect mumps in patients with parotitis or mumps complications, regardless of age, travel history, and vaccination status.
尽管自 1967 年引入腮腺炎疫苗以来，美国的腮腺炎病例减少了 99%以上，但自 2006 年以来，学校和其他场所的接种过疫苗的儿童和青少年中仍发生了疫情。
我们分析了美国卫生部门向国家传染病监测系统报告的腮腺炎病例。我们介绍了 2007-2019 年期间儿科病例（年龄<18 岁）的发病率和疫苗接种情况，并描述了 2015-2019 年最近一次疫情中报告的儿科病例的人口统计学、临床和疫苗接种特征。
2007-2019 年期间，报告了 9172 例儿科病例，占每年报告病例总数的中位数 32%（范围：13%-59%）。每年有中位数 87%（范围：81%-94%）的儿科患者此前已接种≥1 剂麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹（MMR）疫苗。在 2015-2019 年期间，报告的 5461 例儿科病例中，仅有已知输入病例状态的 2%（74%）与国际旅行有关。1%的患者出现并发症，2%住院。在已知疫苗接种情况的≥1 岁患者中（72%），1-4 岁的儿童中有 74%接种了≥1 剂 MMR 疫苗，5-17 岁的儿童中有 86%接种了≥2 剂 MMR 疫苗。自 2016 年以来，美国每年都有多数州（38-45 个州）报告儿童腮腺炎病例。
自 2007 年以来，美国报告的腮腺炎病例中有三分之一发生在儿童和青少年中，其中大多数人已接种疫苗。无论年龄、旅行史和疫苗接种状况如何，临床医生都应怀疑患有腮腺炎或腮腺炎并发症的患者。
