Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2022;22(11):1495-1515. doi: 10.2174/1389557521666211123091541.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the search for new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this sense, natural products emerge as a potential source for the discovery of new drugs, with the research of the pharmacological properties of these products being very important. In addition to its function in plants (insect attraction and repellency), essential oils present pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimutagenic, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we describe the mostly used in vivo acute inflammatory experimental models and the studies showing the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils. Essential oil from species from the Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Boraginaceae, Cupressaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rutaceae, Verbenaceae and Zingiberaceae families were described as being anti-inflammatory in vivo. Five models of acute inflammation are commonly used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo: ear and paw edema, pleurisy, peritonitis and the subcutaneous air pouch model. In addition to in vivo analysis, ex vivo and in vitro experiments are carried out to study the anti-inflammatory action of essential oils. The most commonly used model was paw edema, especially due to this model being easy to perform. In order to suggest or elucidate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect, many studies measured some inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, COX-2 expression and the levels of PGE2, and NO, or evaluated the effect of essential oils or their major compounds on inflammation response directly induced by inflammatory mediators.
近年来，人们一直在寻找新的治疗策略来治疗炎症性疾病，这方面的研究有了显著的增加。在这种情况下，天然产物作为发现新药的潜在来源出现了，对这些产品的药理特性的研究非常重要。除了在植物中的功能（昆虫吸引和排斥）外，精油还具有药理作用，如抗菌、抗真菌、抗突变、抗病毒、抗原生动物、抗氧化、抗糖尿病和抗炎作用。在这篇综述中，我们描述了最常用于体内急性炎症实验模型的精油，以及显示精油体内抗炎活性的研究。来自伞形科、菊科、柏科、紫草科、柏科、大戟科、豆科、唇形科、月桂科、桃金娘科、胡椒科、禾本科、芸香科、马鞭草科和姜科的精油被描述为具有体内抗炎活性。有五种常见的急性炎症模型用于研究体内抗炎活性：耳和足肿胀、胸膜炎、腹膜炎和皮下气囊模型。除了体内分析外，还进行了离体和体外实验来研究精油的抗炎作用。最常用的模型是足肿胀，特别是由于该模型易于操作。为了提出或阐明抗炎作用涉及的机制，许多研究测量了一些炎症介质，如细胞因子、COX-2 表达和 PGE2 和 NO 的水平，或者评估了精油或其主要化合物对炎症介质直接诱导的炎症反应的影响。
