Alshehri Bashayer A, Rabaan Ali A, El-Masry Omar S, Acharya Sadananda, Alzahrani Faisal M, Al Mutair Abbas, Alhumaid Saad, Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A, Muhammad Javed, Khan Amjad, Dhama Kuldeep, Al-Omari Awad
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Microbiology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
J Infect Public Health. 2022 Jan;15(1):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.11.014. Epub 2021 Nov 14.
Fungal infections have risen exponentially in the last decade. In fact, candidiasis has become the most frequent type of hospital acquired infection especially in patients receiving treatment for chronic and terminal illnesses in a hospital. A retrospective analysis for a period of twenty year was undertaken to analyze the incidence rate of candidiasis, especially of Candida species, patients treated in a tertiary care center.
Clinical data was collected from samples of patients who were receiving tertiary care were presenting with clinically suspected fungal infections. Direct microscopy with 10% potassium hydroxide was done to visualize the presence of fungal elements, and Gram staining was done for any suspected yeast infection. The samples were inoculated on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar and kept at 22 °C.
A total of 1256 samples with presumed fungal etiology were included in the study. The maximum number of fungal infections were present in elderly (70-79 years age). Females (53.8%) were more affected (45.5%). 21% isolates were identified as yeast but belonged to non-Candida fungi. Among Candida species, Candida albicans was the most dominant species (58.3%) followed by Candida glabrata (6.4%). The year-round data of fungal cases showed that the highest incident of Candida albicans infection were in January with a mean value of 3.80, while the lowest infections were reported in June, with prevalence of 2.32 of C. albicans. The twenty-year data analysis showed that the years 2001 and 2000 showed the highest incidents of C. albicans, with a mean prevalence of 7.50 and 6.83, respectively. Specimen vs fungal prevalence data showed that 38% of the C. albicans were isolated from body aspirate specimens, followed by 26% from swab specimens.
The high prevalence of Candida spp. in the present study suggests increased susceptibility of patients with critical or chronic illnesses to fungal infections.
在过去十年中，真菌感染呈指数级增长。事实上，念珠菌病已成为医院获得性感染中最常见的类型，尤其是在医院接受慢性和晚期疾病治疗的患者中。我们进行了为期二十年的回顾性分析，以分析在一家三级医疗中心接受治疗的患者中念珠菌病，尤其是念珠菌属的发病率。
从接受三级医疗且临床上疑似真菌感染的患者样本中收集临床数据。用10%氢氧化钾进行直接显微镜检查以观察真菌成分的存在，对任何疑似酵母菌感染进行革兰氏染色。将样本接种在沙氏葡萄糖琼脂上并保存在22°C。
本研究共纳入1256份推测为真菌病因的样本。真菌感染数量最多的是老年人（70 - 79岁）。女性（53.8%）受影响更大（45.5%）。21%的分离株被鉴定为酵母菌，但属于非念珠菌真菌。在念珠菌属中，白色念珠菌是最主要的菌种（58.3%），其次是光滑念珠菌（6.4%）。真菌病例的全年数据显示，白色念珠菌感染发生率最高的是1月，平均值为3.80，而6月报告的感染率最低，白色念珠菌患病率为2.32。二十年的数据分析显示，2001年和2000年白色念珠菌的发病率最高，平均患病率分别为7.50和6.83。样本与真菌患病率数据显示，38%的白色念珠菌分离自身体吸出物样本，其次26%来自拭子样本。
本研究中念珠菌属的高患病率表明危重症或慢性病患者对真菌感染的易感性增加。
