Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 23;11(1):22760. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02117-1.
Age-related differences in dog sleep and the age at which dogs reach adulthood as indexed by sleep electrophysiology are unknown. We assessed, in (1) a Juvenile sample (n = 60) of 2-14-month-old dogs (weight range: 4-68 kg), associations between age, sleep macrostructure, and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) EEG power spectrum, whether weight moderates associations, and (2) an extended sample (n = 91) of 2-30-months-old dogs, when sleep parameters stabilise. In Juvenile dogs, age was positively associated with time in drowsiness between 2 and 8 months, and negatively with time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep between 2 and 6 months. Age was negatively associated with delta and positively with theta and alpha power activity, between 8 and 14 months. Older dogs exhibited greater sigma and beta power activity. Larger, > 8-month-old dogs had less delta and more alpha and beta activity. In extended sample, descriptive data suggest age-related power spectrum differences do not stabilise by 14 months. Drowsiness, REM, and delta power findings are consistent with prior results. Sleep electrophysiology is a promising index of dog neurodevelopment; some parameters stabilise in adolescence and some later than one year. Determination of the effect of weight and timing of power spectrum stabilisation needs further inquiry. The dog central nervous system is not fully mature by 12 months of age.
关于狗的睡眠与睡眠电生理学所反映的成年期年龄之间的关系，目前尚不清楚是否存在年龄相关差异。我们评估了（1）幼犬样本（n = 60）的睡眠结构，幼犬年龄为 2-14 个月（体重范围：4-68 公斤），研究了年龄、非快速眼动（NREM）脑电频谱与睡眠宏观结构之间的关系，以及体重是否会影响这种关系，（2）幼犬 2-30 个月的扩展样本，以评估睡眠参数何时稳定。在幼犬中，年龄与 2-8 个月之间的昏昏欲睡时间呈正相关，与 2-6 个月之间的快速眼动（REM）睡眠时间呈负相关。8-14 个月期间，年龄与 delta 波呈负相关，与 theta 和 alpha 波呈正相关。年龄较大的狗表现出更大的 sigma 和 beta 波活动。较大的，>8 个月大的狗 delta 波减少，alpha 和 beta 波增加。在扩展样本中，描述性数据表明，14 个月时，与年龄相关的频谱差异并未稳定。昏昏欲睡、REM 和 delta 功率的发现与先前的结果一致。睡眠电生理学是狗神经发育的一个有前途的指标；一些参数在青春期稳定，而另一些则在 1 岁以后稳定。需要进一步研究体重和频谱稳定时间的影响。12 个月大时，狗的中枢神经系统尚未完全成熟。
