Roustaei Ali, Hashemi-Asl Seyed Mohammad, Dalir-Naghadeh Bahram, Masoudifard Majid
Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Vet Res Forum. 2021;12(3):349-355. doi: 10.30466/vrf.2021.89695.2172. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Echocardiography is a non-invasive method of cardiac evaluation in most species. Echocardiographic reference parameters are poorly documented in sheep and not documented in Ghezel sheep. The purpose of this study was to determine reference ranges of normal echocardiographic parameters using two-dimensional and M-mode techniques in Ghezel sheep. In 15 healthy female Ghezel sheep aged between 15 and 18 months, echocardiography was performed in standing position from left and right parasternal approach focused at 3 - 5 intercostal spaces using a 2.50 - 5.00 MHz phased array transducer. The following parameters were measured in two-dimensional echocardiography: left atrial diameter (LAD), mitral valve annulus (MVA), aortic sinus (AoS), aortic valve (AoV), pulmonary sinus (PuS), and pulmonary valve (PuV); and in M-mode echocardiography: interventricular septum (IVS), left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), left ventricular free wall (LVFW), right ventricle free wall (RVFW), right ventricle internal diameter (RVID). Calculated variables included the ratios LAD/Ao and Pu/AoS, and the fractional shortening (FS), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) of the left ventricle. In conclusion, echocardiographic parameters could be reliably assessed in Ghezel sheep and our study provided some normal echocardiographic reference ranges that might be useful in proper identification, visualization, and measurements of cardiac structures. Such findings could be useful to assess and to diagnose the specific heart diseases in sheep practice and also for experimental studies in sheep as an animal model used for research purposes in cardiovascular studies of human.
超声心动图是大多数物种中一种非侵入性的心脏评估方法。在绵羊中，超声心动图参考参数记录较少，而在盖泽尔绵羊中则没有相关记录。本研究的目的是使用二维和M型技术确定盖泽尔绵羊正常超声心动图参数的参考范围。对15只年龄在15至18个月之间的健康雌性盖泽尔绵羊，采用2.50 - 5.00 MHz相控阵探头，从左、右胸骨旁途径聚焦于3 - 5肋间间隙，在站立位进行超声心动图检查。在二维超声心动图中测量以下参数：左心房直径（LAD）、二尖瓣环（MVA）、主动脉窦（AoS）、主动脉瓣（AoV）、肺窦（PuS）和肺动脉瓣（PuV）；在M型超声心动图中测量：室间隔（IVS）、左心室内径（LVID）、左心室游离壁（LVFW）、右心室游离壁（RVFW）、右心室内径（RVID）。计算变量包括LAD/Ao和Pu/AoS比值，以及左心室的缩短分数（FS）、舒张末期容积（EDV）、收缩末期容积（ESV）、射血分数（EF）、每搏输出量（SV）和心输出量（CO）。总之，在盖泽尔绵羊中可以可靠地评估超声心动图参数，我们的研究提供了一些正常超声心动图参考范围，这可能有助于正确识别、可视化和测量心脏结构。这些发现对于评估和诊断绵羊实践中的特定心脏病以及作为人类心血管研究的动物模型用于绵羊的实验研究可能是有用的。
