Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Inserm U1235 Nantes, Université de Nantes, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France.
Department of Neurology, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2022 Sep;129(9):1095-1103. doi: 10.1007/s00702-021-02445-6. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Alpha-synuclein deposits, the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, are consistently found in the gastrointestinal tract of parkinsonian subjects. These observations have raised the potential that endoscopically obtainable mucosal biopsies can aid to a molecular diagnosis of the disease. The possible usefulness of mucosal biopsies is, however, not limited to the detection of alpha-synuclein, but also extends to other essential aspects underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal manifestations in Parkinson's disease. The aim of the current review is to provide an appraisal of the existing studies showing that gastrointestinal biopsies can be used for the analysis of enteric neuronal and glial cell morphology, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and gastrointestinal inflammation in Parkinson's disease. A perspective on the generation of organoids with GI biopsies and the potential use of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic technologies will be also addressed.
α-突触核蛋白沉积是帕金森病的病理标志，在帕金森病患者的胃肠道中始终存在。这些观察结果提出了一种可能性，即通过内窥镜获得的黏膜活检可以帮助对该疾病进行分子诊断。然而，黏膜活检的可能用途不仅限于检测α-突触核蛋白，还扩展到其他与帕金森病胃肠道表现的病理生理机制有关的重要方面。本综述的目的是评估现有的研究，这些研究表明，胃肠道活检可用于分析帕金森病中的肠神经元和神经胶质细胞形态、肠上皮屏障功能和胃肠道炎症。还将探讨使用 GI 活检生成类器官以及单细胞和空间转录组技术的潜在用途。
