Revealing Electrical Double-Layer Potential of Substrates by Hysteresis Ion Transport in Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy.

The electrical double layer (EDL) at solid-liquid interfaces is key to interfacial transport and reaction processes and numerous emerging applications exploiting such processes. Herein, by studying hysteresis ion-transport processes in nanopipettes near charged substrates, we found the resulting cross-point potential () to represent the surface potential of both nanopipettes and substrates. After the subtraction of in bulk solution, the remaining Δ shows excellent exponential decay with respect to the separation distance from the substrates and agrees very well with the classical double-layer theory. The revealed new hysteresis ion transport in nanopipettes would provide a new way for the simple and direct EDL imaging of various interfaces of interest with nanoscale resolution in scanning ion conductance microscopy.