Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioética, Ética Aplicada e Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Faculdades de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Nov 22;37(11):e00330820. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00330820. eCollection 2021.
LGBTphobia constitutes a context of vulnerability to the health of individuals whose sexuality is diverse from the heteronormative pattern, named sexual minorities, especially in adolescence, a period of sexual identities definition. The aim of this study was to analyze how did high school students perceive their peers of sexual minorities and how they understand the school's and educators' attitude regarding sexual diversity. The research used the qualitative method, with 13 focal groups comprising 132 students of both sexes, from public and private schools in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data analysis was performed with the support of webQDA software in a comprehensive basis approach. Data were classified in two categories. In the first category, the students and sexual diversity, the participants perceived sexual diversity as normal because it is common and often present in their age. However, they confirmed homophobic attitudes against those whose gender behavior is not in accordance with what is expected for their biological sex. In the second category, the school and sexual diversity, the students recognized the adoption of discriminatory measures against same-sex couples by the school coordination and the absence of the theme of sexual diversity in educational activities. The outcomes indicate that sexual education policies are not sufficient to guarantee the human rights of sexual minorities and this represents greater health vulnerability of this population strata.
恐同症构成了一个易受伤害的环境，使性取向不同于异性恋模式的个体（被称为性少数群体），尤其是在青春期，这是性认同定义的时期。本研究旨在分析高中生如何看待性少数群体的同龄人，以及他们如何理解学校和教育者对性多样性的态度。该研究采用定性方法，在巴西里约热内卢市的公立和私立学校中，共进行了 13 个焦点小组，涉及 132 名男女学生。在全面基础方法的支持下，使用 webQDA 软件对数据进行了分析。数据分为两类。在第一类“学生与性多样性”中，参与者认为性多样性是正常的，因为它在他们的年龄中很常见，而且经常存在。然而，他们确认了对那些性别行为不符合其生物性别预期的人的恐同态度。在第二类“学校与性多样性”中，学生们认识到学校协调采取了针对同性伴侣的歧视性措施，且性多样性主题并未纳入教育活动。研究结果表明，性教育政策不足以保障性少数群体的人权，这使该人群处于更大的健康脆弱性之中。
