Dia Foundation for Research on Ageing Societies, Tokyo, Japan.
Research Department, Institute for Health Economics and Policy, Association for Health Economics Research and Social Insurance and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.
Psychogeriatrics. 2022 Jan;22(1):122-131. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12789. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
This study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of a revised index for social engagement (RISE) in the Japanese context.
We analysed the data of 1377 participants over 65 years of age who had been admitted to two types of long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Japan: four health facilities for older adults and eight nursing homes. Resident level data based on the Japanese version of the interRAI assessment instrument were collected from 623 residents in the former and 754 in the latter. From these data, we calculated RISE by adding six dichotomous items on social engagement in the assessment form. Factorial validity was evaluated by exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity by the correlation between average activity time and the RISE score, and discriminant validity by the correlation between cognitive levels and the RISE scores. Lastly, we assessed internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha.
We identified a two-factor model in the exploratory factorial analysis with a factor loading >0.40, except for one RISE item. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the two-factor model had appropriate model fits. The correlation between time involved in activities and the RISE score was r = 0.45, while the correlation between cognitive function and the RISE score was r = -0.32. The convergent and discriminant validities supported the use of Japanese LTCF. Cronbach's alpha ranged 0.70-0.72.
Although further revision may be needed to improve factorial validity, RISE is reliable and valid for assessing social engagement of older adults admitted to LTCF in Japan. By using the Japanese version of RISE, the positive aspects of social functioning can be appropriately assessed and provide more evidence for improving the quality of care in LTCF.
本研究旨在建立一个修订后的社会参与指数（RISE）在日本语境下的有效性和可靠性。
我们分析了来自日本两种长期护理机构（LTCF）的 1377 名 65 岁以上老年人的数据：4 家老年人健康设施和 8 家养老院。来自前者的 623 名居民和后者的 754 名居民的居民水平数据是基于日本版的 interRAI 评估工具收集的。从这些数据中，我们在评估表中增加了六个关于社会参与的二分制项目来计算 RISE。通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析评估因子有效性，通过平均活动时间与 RISE 评分之间的相关性评估收敛有效性，通过认知水平与 RISE 评分之间的相关性评估判别有效性，最后使用 Cronbach's alpha 评估内部一致性。
在探索性因子分析中，我们确定了一个两因素模型，除了一个 RISE 项目外，其他项目的因子负荷都>0.40。验证性因子分析证实了两因素模型具有适当的模型拟合。活动时间与 RISE 评分之间的相关性为 r=0.45，而认知功能与 RISE 评分之间的相关性为 r=-0.32。收敛和判别有效性支持了日本 LTCF 的使用。Cronbach's alpha 范围为 0.70-0.72。
虽然进一步修订可能需要提高因子有效性，但 RISE 是可靠和有效的，可用于评估入住日本 LTCF 的老年人的社会参与度。通过使用 RISE 的日语版，可以适当评估社会功能的积极方面，并为改善 LTCF 的护理质量提供更多证据。
