Jha Gaurav, Azhar Sabeen, Rashid Usman, Khalaf Hasan, Alhalabi Noor, Ravindran Deepthi, Ahmad Rawaha
Neurology/Stroke Medicine, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Hospital, London, GBR.
Acute Medicine, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Hospital, London, GBR.
Cureus. 2021 Nov 20;13(11):e19770. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19770. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Lung cancer is still the major cause of cancer-related mortality around the globe. The interplay of permanent genetic and dynamic epigenetic changes leads to the onset and progression of lung cancer. The diagnosis is often made at an advanced stage when the prognosis is dismal and therapy choices are restricted. Epigenetic association with lung cancer has long been studied but with fewer success rates. Research is still progressing, and with an advanced understanding of human genomics, more and more information is being unveiled. In the last decade, epigenetics and particularly research on DNA methylation and histone modification have provided vital information to understand lung cancer pathogenesis better. As a result, stage-specific epigenetic modifications can be employed as strong and reliable tools for early lung cancer detection and patient prognosis monitoring. The information on epigenetic biomarkers for lung cancer is summarised in this review, which focuses on DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as its implications for early detection, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatments.
肺癌仍然是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。永久性基因变化和动态表观遗传变化的相互作用导致了肺癌的发生和发展。肺癌诊断往往在晚期进行，此时预后很差，治疗选择也很有限。与肺癌的表观遗传关联早已得到研究，但成功率较低。研究仍在进行中，随着对人类基因组学的深入了解，越来越多的信息被揭示出来。在过去十年中，表观遗传学，尤其是DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰的研究，为更好地理解肺癌发病机制提供了重要信息。因此，阶段特异性表观遗传修饰可用作早期肺癌检测和患者预后监测的强大而可靠的工具。本综述总结了肺癌表观遗传生物标志物的相关信息，重点关注DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰及其对早期检测、诊断、预后和治疗的影响。
