Klontzas Michail E, Protonotarios Alexandros
Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2021 Nov 10;8(11):182. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering8110182.
The rapid evolution of regenerative medicine and its associated scientific fields, such as tissue engineering, has provided great promise for multiple applications where replacement and regeneration of damaged or lost tissue is required. In order to evaluate and optimise the tissue engineering techniques, visualisation of the material of interest is crucial. This includes monitoring of the cellular behaviour, extracellular matrix composition, scaffold structure, and other crucial elements of biomaterials. Non-invasive visualisation of artificial tissues is important at all stages of development and clinical translation. A variety of preclinical and clinical imaging methods-including confocal multiphoton microscopy, optical coherence tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT)-have been used for the evaluation of artificial tissues. This review attempts to present the imaging methods available to assess the composition and quality of 3D microenvironments, as well as their integration with human tissues once implanted in the human body. The review provides tissue-specific application examples to demonstrate the applicability of such methods on cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neural tissue engineering.
再生医学及其相关科学领域（如组织工程）的快速发展，为需要替换和再生受损或缺失组织的多种应用带来了巨大希望。为了评估和优化组织工程技术，对感兴趣的材料进行可视化至关重要。这包括监测细胞行为、细胞外基质组成、支架结构以及生物材料的其他关键要素。在人工组织开发和临床转化的各个阶段，对其进行非侵入性可视化都很重要。多种临床前和临床成像方法，包括共聚焦多光子显微镜、光学相干断层扫描、磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT），已被用于评估人工组织。本综述试图介绍可用于评估三维微环境组成和质量的成像方法，以及它们在植入人体后与人体组织的整合情况。该综述提供了特定组织的应用实例，以证明这些方法在心血管、肌肉骨骼和神经组织工程中的适用性。
