Liczbińska Grażyna, Králík Miroslav
Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Am J Hum Biol. 2022 May;34(5):e23707. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23707. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
The study aims to examine whether maternal socio-economic status, represented by marital status and the place of residence, affected birth body size (BBS) of babies in the pre-war period and during the WWII.
The dataset consisted of 8934 unique individual information items on mothers and deliveries collected for two birth cohorts: born before (1934, 1935, 1936, and 1937) and during the WWII (1941, 1942, 1943 and 1944). BBS (weight, length, BMI) was compared according to mother's marital status and her place of residence in two cohorts separately. (ART)ANOVA was applied to test the effect of a child's sex, maternal marital status (MMS), and maternal place of residence (MPR) on birth weight/length/BMI of babies born alive before and during the WWII.
Babies with greater BBS were born to married mothers than to single ones. This pattern applied to pre-war and to the WWII cohort. In both pre-war and the WWII cohorts the MMS had the strongest impact on BBS. The effect of mother's place of residence on BBS was observed in the pre-war cohort only.
Marital status could have acted through economic and social factors, level of psychosocial stress and support, social (in)stability. In the pre-war period, the place of residence much more reflected socio-economic differences between localities. Marginal economic, health and nutritional conditions associated with the WWII affected mothers regardless of the size of their place of residence.
本研究旨在探讨以婚姻状况和居住地为代表的母亲社会经济地位，在战前时期和第二次世界大战期间是否会影响婴儿的出生体型（BBS）。
数据集包含为两个出生队列收集的8934条关于母亲和分娩的独特个体信息：战前出生（1934年、1935年、1936年和1937年）以及二战期间出生（1941年、1942年、1943年和1944年）。分别在两个队列中，根据母亲的婚姻状况和居住地比较BBS（体重、身长、体重指数）。应用（协方差）方差分析来检验孩子的性别、母亲婚姻状况（MMS）和母亲居住地（MPR）对二战前及二战期间存活婴儿出生体重/身长/体重指数的影响。
已婚母亲所生婴儿的BBS大于单身母亲所生婴儿。这种模式适用于战前和二战队列。在战前和二战队列中，MMS对BBS的影响最大。仅在战前队列中观察到母亲居住地对BBS的影响。
婚姻状况可能通过经济和社会因素、心理社会压力和支持水平、社会（不）稳定性起作用。在战前时期，居住地更能反映不同地区之间的社会经济差异。与二战相关的边缘经济、健康和营养状况对母亲产生了影响，无论其居住地规模大小。
