Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 13145158, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr J. 2021 Nov 26;20(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12937-021-00752-y.
A few studies have examined the relationship between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and risk of breast cancer (BC) among women in Middle Eastern countries. We studied the associations between carbohydrate quality index and the risk of BC in overall and by menopausal status.
In this case-control study, dietary intake of 461 women with pathologically confirmed BC within the past year were examined. The same information were collected for 495 apparently healthy controls using a 168-item validated FFQ. Carbohydrate quality was determined by considering four criteria including: ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates, dietary fiber intake, GI and the ratio of whole grains to total grains.
Mean GI and GL of participants were totally 57.5 ± 7.2 and 245.7 ± 64.7, respectively. A trend toward significant association was seen between GI and odds of BC in the whole population; such that after stratifying analysis by menopausal status, premenopausal women in the highest quartile of GI were 1.85 times higher likely to have BC than those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.12, 3.07, P = 0.01). We found that women with the greatest CQI had lower odds for BC, compared with those with the lowest CQI (0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.94, P = 0.03). This association was remained after stratifying analysis by menopausal status in premenopausal (0.55; 95% CI: 0.34-0.90, P = 0.04).
We found that GI was directly and CQI inversely associated with odds of BC. In order to determine the effects of dietary carbohydrate quality prospective cohort studies are needed.
一些研究已经考察了碳水化合物质量指数（CQI）与中东国家女性乳腺癌（BC）风险之间的关系。我们研究了碳水化合物质量指数与总体和绝经状态的 BC 风险之间的关联。
在这项病例对照研究中，我们对过去一年中病理确诊为 BC 的 461 名女性的饮食摄入进行了检查。使用经过验证的 168 项 FFQ 为 495 名看似健康的对照者收集了相同的信息。碳水化合物质量通过考虑四个标准来确定，包括：固体碳水化合物与总碳水化合物的比例、膳食纤维摄入量、血糖指数和全谷物与总谷物的比例。
参与者的平均 GI 和 GL 分别为 57.5±7.2 和 245.7±64.7。GI 与总体 BC 发病几率之间存在明显的趋势关联；在按绝经状态分层分析后，处于 GI 最高四分位数的绝经前女性发生 BC 的几率比处于最低四分位数的女性高 1.85 倍（95%CI：1.12，3.07，P=0.01）。我们发现，与 CQI 最低的女性相比，CQI 最高的女性发生 BC 的几率较低（0.63；95%CI：0.43-0.94，P=0.03）。这种关联在绝经前分层分析中仍然存在（0.55；95%CI：0.34-0.90，P=0.04）。
我们发现 GI 与 BC 的发病几率呈直接正相关，CQI 与之呈负相关。为了确定饮食中碳水化合物质量的影响，需要进行前瞻性队列研究。
