Peng Linda, Morford Kenneth L, Levander Ximena A
Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Addiction Medicine Section, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Mail Code L475, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 367 Cedar Street, ES Harkness A, Room 417A, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2022 Jan;106(1):113-129. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.012.
Benzodiazepine and related sedative use has been increasing. There has been a growing number of unregulated novel psychoactive substances, including designer benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines have neurobiological and pharmacologic properties that result in a high potential for misuse and physical dependence. Options for discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine use include an outpatient benzodiazepine taper or inpatient withdrawal management at a hospital or detoxification facility. The quality of evidence on medications for benzodiazepine discontinuation is overall low, whereas cognitive behavioral therapy has shown the most benefit in terms of behavioral treatments. Benzodiazepines may also have significant adverse effects, increasing the risk of overdose and death.
苯二氮䓬类药物及相关镇静剂的使用一直在增加。包括合成苯二氮䓬类药物在内的未受管制的新型精神活性物质越来越多。苯二氮䓬类药物具有神经生物学和药理学特性，极易被滥用并导致身体依赖。停止长期使用苯二氮䓬类药物的选择包括门诊逐渐减少苯二氮䓬类药物用量，或在医院或戒毒机构进行住院脱瘾管理。关于用于停用苯二氮䓬类药物的药物的证据质量总体较低，而认知行为疗法在行为治疗方面显示出最大益处。苯二氮䓬类药物也可能有显著的不良反应，增加过量用药和死亡风险。
