Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jan;287(Pt 3):132306. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132306. Epub 2021 Sep 21.
The progress in sensitivity and resolution in mass spectrometers in recent years provides the possibility to detect a broad range of organic compounds in a single procedure. For this reason, suspect and non-target screening techniques are gaining attention since they enable the detection of hundreds of known and unknown emerging contaminants in various matrices of environmental, food and human sources. Sample preparation is a critical step before analysis as it can significantly affect selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The lack of generic sample preparation protocols is obvious in this fast-growing analytical field, and most studies use those of traditional targeted analysis methods. Among them, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are widely used to extract emerging contaminants from solid and liquid sample types, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction and a combination of different SPE sorbents can cover a broad range of chemicals in the samples. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and adsorption chromatography, including acidification, are typically used to remove matrix components such as lipids from complex matrices, but usually at the expense of compound losses. Ideally, the purification of samples intended for non-target analysis should be selective of matrix interferences. Recent studies have suggested quality assurance/quality control measures for suspect and non-target screening, based on expansion and extrapolation of target compound lists, but method validations remain challenging in the absence of analytical standards and harmonized sample preparation approaches.
近年来，质谱仪在灵敏度和分辨率方面的进展为在单一程序中检测广泛的有机化合物提供了可能性。出于这个原因，可疑物和非目标筛选技术引起了人们的关注，因为它们能够在环境、食品和人类来源的各种基质中检测到数百种已知和未知的新兴污染物。在分析之前，样品制备是一个关键步骤，因为它可以显著影响选择性、灵敏度和重现性。在这个快速发展的分析领域，缺乏通用的样品制备方案是显而易见的，并且大多数研究都使用传统的靶向分析方法的那些方案。其中，溶剂萃取和固相萃取（SPE）分别广泛用于从固体和液体样品类型中提取新兴污染物。顺序溶剂萃取和不同 SPE 吸附剂的组合可以覆盖样品中广泛的化学物质。凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和吸附色谱，包括酸化，通常用于从复杂基质中去除基质成分，如脂质，但通常会以化合物损失为代价。理想情况下，用于非目标分析的样品的净化应具有基质干扰的选择性。最近的研究基于目标化合物列表的扩展和推断，提出了可疑物和非目标筛选的质量保证/质量控制措施，但在缺乏分析标准和协调一致的样品制备方法的情况下，方法验证仍然具有挑战性。
