Romero Carlos, Nardoia Maria, Brenes Agustín, Arija Ignacio, Viveros Agustín, Chamorro Susana
Facultad de Ciencias y Artes, Universidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila (UCAV), Calle Canteros s/n, 05005 Ávila, Spain.
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Oct 30;11(11):3111. doi: 10.3390/ani11113111.
Grape seeds (GS) and grape skins (GK) are natural sources of polyphenols with antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to investigate in chickens the effect of including GS and GK (40 g/kg), individually or combined in different proportions (20 g/kg GS-20 g/kg GK; 30 g/kg GS-10 g/kg GK; 10 g/kg GS-30 g/kg GK), in a corn-soybean diet on growth performance, ileal and excreta contents of total extractable polyphenols (TEP) and tannins, ileal digestibility of protein, plasma and meat α-tocopherol concentration and lipid oxidation (assessed by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) of stored thigh meat. Neither growth performance parameters nor ileal digestibility of protein were affected by dietary treatments. As compared with control birds, chickens fed the grape byproduct diets showed higher ileal ( < 0.001) and excreta ( < 0.001) TEP and tannins contents. Dietary inclusion of grape byproducts increased α-tocopherol concentration both in plasma ( < 0.001) and in thigh meat ( < 0.01 at 1 d; < 0.001 at 7 d), as compared with the control group. The highest plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were reached with the 30 g/kg GS-10 g/kg GK and 20 g/kg GS-20 g/kg GK combinations. On day 1 of meat storage, no differences on meat α-tocopherol concentration were found among the grape byproducts treatments but on day 7 of storage, the 20 g/kg GS-20 g/kg GK and 10 g/kg GS-30 g/kg GK combinations led to the highest α-tocopherol concentrations in chicken thigh meat. After seven days of refrigerated storage of meat, the TBARS value was lower in chickens fed the grape byproducts diets than in control birds (1.27 vs. 2.49 mg MDA/kg, < 0.001). Moreover, among the different grape byproduct treatments, the lowest MDA values were reached with the diets containing GK at rates from 20 to 40 g/kg. In conclusion, dietary incorporation of 40 g/kg of GS and GK added separately or combined increased the plasma and meat α-tocopherol content. Furthermore, the combinations of GS and GK with a proportion of GK of at least 50% optimised α-tocopherol concentration both in plasma and in thigh meat and mitigated lipid oxidation in 7-day stored meat.
葡萄籽（GS）和葡萄皮（GK）是具有抗氧化能力的多酚类天然来源。进行了一项实验，以研究在玉米 - 大豆日粮中单独或按不同比例（20克/千克GS - 20克/千克GK；30克/千克GS - 10克/千克GK；10克/千克GS - 30克/千克GK）添加GS和GK（40克/千克）对鸡生长性能、回肠和排泄物中总可提取多酚（TEP）及单宁含量、蛋白质的回肠消化率、血浆和肌肉中α - 生育酚浓度以及储存大腿肉的脂质氧化（通过测量硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质，TBARS）的影响。日粮处理对生长性能参数和蛋白质的回肠消化率均无影响。与对照鸡相比，饲喂葡萄副产品日粮的鸡回肠（<0.001）和排泄物（<0.001）中的TEP及单宁含量更高。与对照组相比，日粮中添加葡萄副产品可提高血浆（<0.001）和大腿肉中α - 生育酚浓度（1天时<0.01；7天时<0.001）。30克/千克GS - 10克/千克GK和20克/千克GS - 20克/千克GK组合的血浆α - 生育酚浓度最高。在肉储存第1天，葡萄副产品处理组之间的肌肉α - 生育酚浓度无差异，但在储存第7天，20克/千克GS - 20克/千克GK和10克/千克GS - 30克/千克GK组合使鸡大腿肉中的α - 生育酚浓度最高。肉冷藏储存7天后，饲喂葡萄副产品日粮的鸡的TBARS值低于对照鸡（1.27对2.49毫克丙二醛/千克，<0.001）。此外，在不同的葡萄副产品处理中，含20至40克/千克GK的日粮MDA值最低。总之，日粮中单独或混合添加40克/千克的GS和GK可提高血浆和肌肉中α - 生育酚含量。此外，GS和GK比例中GK至少为50%的组合可优化血浆和大腿肉中的α - 生育酚浓度，并减轻7天储存肉中的脂质氧化。
