Baralla Elena, Demontis Maria P, Dessì Filomena, Varoni Maria V
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;11(11):3239. doi: 10.3390/ani11113239.
Antibiotics are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in both human and veterinary medicine and as growth promoting agents in farms and aquaculture. They can accumulate in environmental matrices and in the food chain, causing adverse effects in humans and animals including the development of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to update and discuss the available data on antibiotic residues, using bivalves as biomonitoring organisms. The current research indicates that antibiotics' presence in bivalves has been investigated along European, American and Asian coasts, with the majority of studies reported for the last. Several classes of antibiotics have been detected, with a higher frequency of detection reported for macrolides, sulfonamides and quinolones. The highest concentration was instead reported for tetracyclines in bivalves collected in the North Adriatic Sea. Only oxytetracycline levels detected in this latter site exceeded the maximum residual limit established by the competent authorities. Moreover, the risk that can be derived from bivalve consumption, calculated considering the highest concentrations of antibiotics residues reported in the analyzed studies, is actually negligible. Nevertheless, further supervisions are needed in order to preserve the environment from antibiotic pollution, prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance and reduce the health risk derived from seafood consumption.
抗生素在人类医学和兽医学中都用于治疗和预防目的，并且在农场和水产养殖中用作生长促进剂。它们会在环境基质和食物链中积累，对人类和动物产生不良影响，包括导致抗生素耐药性的产生。本综述旨在更新和讨论有关抗生素残留的现有数据，以双壳贝类作为生物监测生物。当前的研究表明，欧洲、美洲和亚洲沿海地区都对双壳贝类中抗生素的存在情况进行了调查，其中大部分研究是最近报道的。已检测到几类抗生素，大环内酯类、磺胺类和喹诺酮类的检测频率较高。相反，亚得里亚海北部采集的双壳贝类中四环素的浓度最高。在该地区检测到的仅土霉素水平超过了主管当局规定的最大残留限量。此外，考虑到分析研究中报告的抗生素残留最高浓度计算得出的食用双壳贝类可能产生的风险实际上可以忽略不计。然而，仍需要进一步监管，以保护环境免受抗生素污染，防止抗菌药物耐药性的产生，并降低食用海鲜带来的健康风险。
