Estrada McDermott Juan, Pezzanite Lynn, Goodrich Laurie, Santangelo Kelly, Chow Lyndah, Dow Steven, Wheat William
Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Nov 13;11(11):3247. doi: 10.3390/ani11113247.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with diverse etiologies, affecting horses, humans, and companion animals. Importantly, OA is not a single disease, but rather a disease process initiated by different events, including acute trauma, irregular or repetitive overload of articular structures, and spontaneous development with aging. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA is still evolving, and OA is increasingly considered a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation, resulting in sustained cartilage injury and destruction. Macrophages within the synovium and synovial fluid are considered the key regulators of immune processes in OA and are capable of both stimulating and suppressing joint inflammation, by responding to local and systemic cues. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the innate immune system in the overall pathogenesis of OA, drawing on insights from studies in humans, animal models of OA, and from clinical and research studies in horses. This review also discusses the various therapeutic immune modulatory options currently available for managing OA and their mechanisms of action.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种病因多样的常见病症，影响着马匹、人类和伴侣动物。重要的是，OA并非单一疾病，而是由不同事件引发的疾病过程，这些事件包括急性创伤、关节结构的不规则或重复性过载以及随着年龄增长而自发发展。我们对OA发病机制的理解仍在不断发展，并且OA越来越被认为是一种多因素疾病，其中先天性免疫系统在调节和维持低度炎症中起关键作用，导致软骨持续损伤和破坏。滑膜和滑液中的巨噬细胞被认为是OA免疫过程的关键调节因子，并且能够通过响应局部和全身信号来刺激和抑制关节炎症。本综述的目的是借鉴人类、OA动物模型以及马匹临床和研究的见解，探讨先天性免疫系统在OA整体发病机制中的作用。本综述还讨论了目前可用于管理OA的各种治疗性免疫调节选择及其作用机制。
