Zhu Jiemin, Ye Ziwen, Fang Qiyu, Huang Lingling, Zheng Xujuan
Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.
Health Science Centre, School of Nursing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Nov 6;9(11):1516. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9111516.
China has the largest population of floating rural-to-urban women worldwide, most of whom are of childbearing age. However, few studies have been conducted to monitor the changing trends in parenting outcomes, mental health and social support for these women in the early postpartum period. In this quantitative longitudinal study, 680 primiparous women among the floating population were recruited in Shenzhen, China. Face-to-face collection of socio-demographic questionnaires was completed by researchers in maternity wards on the third postnatal day. Follow-up electronic questionnaires were dispatched to women via email or WeChat at 6 weeks and 12 weeks following childbirth, including the Self-efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postnatal Social Support Scale (PSSS), to measure maternal self-efficacy (MSE), postpartum depression (PPD) and social support, respectively. The mean scores of MSE for these floating women were 67.16 (14.35) at 6 weeks postpartum and slightly increased to 68.71 (15.00) at 12 weeks postpartum. The mean scores of EPDS remained almost stable, from 11.19 (4.89) to 11.18 (5.34) at the two time points. The prevalence of mild and severe PPD among floating women at 6 and 12 weeks after childbirth decreased from 54.4% to 40.1% and from 50.6% to 35.4%, respectively. The mean score of social support was 37.04 (10.15) at 6 weeks postpartum and slightly improved to 38.68 (10.46) at 12 weeks postpartum. Primiparous women among the rural-to-urban migrant population had an obviously negative status of parenting outcomes and mental health; and there was a lack of social support after childbirth. In future, tailored evidence-based interventions are highly needed to promote floating women's parenting outcomes, mental wellbeing and social support in the early stages of motherhood. As a higher-risk group of PPD, primiparous women among the floating population require effective and accessible mental health care after childbirth, such as early PPD screening and timely therapeutic methods.
中国拥有全球数量最多的农村到城市流动育龄妇女。然而，针对这些妇女产后早期育儿结果、心理健康和社会支持变化趋势的研究却很少。在这项定量纵向研究中，在中国深圳招募了680名流动育龄初产妇。研究人员在产妇产后第三天在产科病房面对面收集社会人口学调查问卷。产后6周和12周通过电子邮件或微信向妇女发送随访电子问卷，包括婴儿护理自我效能量表（SICS）、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和产后社会支持量表（PSSS），分别用于测量产妇自我效能感（MSE）、产后抑郁（PPD）和社会支持。这些流动妇女产后6周时MSE的平均得分是67.16（14.35），产后12周时略有上升至68.71（15.00）。EPDS的平均得分在两个时间点几乎保持稳定，从11.19（4.89）降至11.18（5.34）。流动妇女产后6周和12周时轻度和重度PPD的患病率分别从54.4%降至40.1%，从50.6%降至35.4%。产后社会支持的平均得分在产后6周时为37.04（10.15），产后12周时略有提高至38.68（10.46）。农村到城市的流动初产妇在育儿结果和心理健康方面明显处于消极状态；产后缺乏社会支持。未来，迫切需要针对性的循证干预措施，以改善流动妇女在初为人母早期阶段的育儿结果、心理健康和社会支持。作为PPD的高风险群体，流动初产妇产后需要有效且可及的心理健康护理，如早期PPD筛查和及时的治疗方法。
