Zheng Xujuan, Morrell Jane, Watts Kim
Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, China.
School of Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, UK.
Midwifery. 2018 Apr;59:39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.022. Epub 2017 Dec 25.
parenting during infancy is highly problematic for Chinese primiparous women. As an important determinant of good parenting, maternal self-efficacy (MSE) should be paid more attention by researchers. At present, the limitations of previous research about MSE during infancy are that the factors which influence MSE remained poorly explored, there were few studies with Chinese women, and the studies did not consider the effect of different cultures.
to explore factors which influence MSE in primiparous women in China in the first three months postnatally.
a quantitative longitudinal study using questionnaires was conducted. In total, 420 Chinese primiparous women were recruited in obstetric wards at three hospitals in Xiamen City, Fujian Province of China. Initial baseline questionnaires to measure socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were distributed to participants face-to-face by the researcher on the postnatal ward at three days postnatally. Follow-up questionnaires at six and 12 weeks postnatally were sent via e-mail by the researcher to participants, including the Self-efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Postpartum Social Support Scale (PSSS) to measure MSE, postnatal depression symptoms and social support, respectively. These were returned by participants via e-mail. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS.
the variables: social support, women's satisfaction with 'Doing the month', postnatal depression, maternal education, baby health, and maternal occupation had an influence on MSE at six weeks postnatally (Adjusted R = 0.510, F = 46.084, P<0.01); and the variables: postnatal depression, social support, baby health, women's satisfaction with 'Doing the month', and baby fussiness were the factors influencing MSE at 12 weeks postnatally (Adjusted R = 0.485, F = 41.082, P<0.01).
obstetric nurses and women's family members need to be aware of the significant contribution of social support, women's satisfaction with 'Doing the month' in positively influencing primiparous women's MSE, and the significant effect of postnatal depression symptoms in negatively impacting on first-time mothers' MSE; they should pay more attention to primiparous women with less education, unemployed mothers, women with unskilled occupations, women with an unhealthy baby, and women with a baby with a difficult temperament to improve their comparatively lower MSE levels during the initial postnatal period.
对于中国初产妇而言，婴儿期的育儿问题非常突出。作为良好育儿的一个重要决定因素，母亲自我效能感（MSE）应得到研究者更多关注。目前，以往关于婴儿期MSE的研究存在局限性，即影响MSE的因素仍未得到充分探究，针对中国女性的研究较少，且这些研究未考虑不同文化的影响。
探讨中国初产妇产后前三个月影响其MSE的因素。
采用问卷调查进行定量纵向研究。在中国福建省厦门市的三家医院产科病房共招募了420名中国初产妇。研究人员在产后三天于产后病房面对面地向参与者发放初始基线问卷，以测量社会人口学和临床特征。研究人员在产后六周和12周通过电子邮件向参与者发送随访问卷，包括婴儿护理自我效能量表（SICS）、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）和产后社会支持量表（PSSS），分别用于测量MSE、产后抑郁症状和社会支持。参与者通过电子邮件回复问卷。使用SPSS对定量数据进行分析。
变量：社会支持、女性对“坐月子”的满意度、产后抑郁、母亲教育程度、婴儿健康状况和母亲职业在产后六周对MSE有影响（调整R = 0.510，F = 46.084，P<0.01）；变量：产后抑郁、社会支持、婴儿健康状况、女性对“坐月子”的满意度和婴儿易哭闹是产后12周影响MSE的因素（调整R = 0.485，F = 41.082，P<0.01）。
产科护士和女性家庭成员需要意识到社会支持、女性对“坐月子”的满意度对初产妇MSE有积极影响，以及产后抑郁症状对初为人母者的MSE有负面影响；他们应更加关注教育程度较低的初产妇、失业母亲、从事非技能职业的女性、婴儿不健康的女性以及婴儿气质难养的女性，以提高她们在产后初期相对较低的MSE水平。
