Ma Ming, Adeney Michael, Long Hao
Collage of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
Key Laboratory of Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Nov 10;9(11):1534. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9111534.
Hospital outdoor spaces play an important role for the safety and well-being of users (patients, visitors, and staff), particularly during a pandemic. However, the actual needs of these spaces are often overlooked due to the design and management process. This study investigates the perceptions of the public and occupants on the functional settings of outdoor spaces, and provides evidence for building a safe and resilient hospital during (and after) COVID-19. A multi-method approach of web content analysis (WCA) and a web-based survey was employed. Reports were collected from three mainstream websites; keywords were extracted and then categorized, pertaining to the functional settings of outdoor spaces. Three groups of occupants from Southwest Hospital (staff n = 47, patients n = 64, visitors n = 73) participated in the survey to identify their perceptions of these functional settings. Based on the 657 reports and 33 keywords selected, 7 functional settings were identified: health check (HC), quarantine and observation (QO), food and delivery (FD), healing and restoration (HR), waiting and rest (WR), transportation and parking (TP), load and unload (LU). From all users, HC (4.13) was thought to be the most expected function setting while FD (2.61) was the least. Regarding the satisfaction level, most users were satisfied with HC (3.22) while WR (2.16) was the least satisfying. The users also showed significant differences regarding expectation and satisfaction pertaining to their groups. The results indicate that the current outdoor space could not fully meet the needs of users, regarding the emerging functional setting, due to the pandemic. Users showed significant different perceptions on the functional setting due to their roles. The mismatch between the outdoor space and the users' needs on emerging functional settings resulted in low satisfaction and high expectation in the survey. Environmental interventions with adaptive and flexible strategies should be adapted for these functional settings. The differences of users should be fully recognized by administrators, decision-makers, and designers.
医院户外空间对使用者（患者、访客和工作人员）的安全与福祉起着重要作用，尤其是在疫情期间。然而，由于设计和管理过程，这些空间的实际需求常常被忽视。本研究调查了公众和居住者对户外空间功能设置的看法，并为在新冠疫情期间（及之后）建设安全且有韧性的医院提供依据。采用了网络内容分析（WCA）和基于网络的调查这一多方法途径。从三个主流网站收集报告；提取关键词，然后根据户外空间的功能设置进行分类。来自西南医院的三组居住者（工作人员n = 47，患者n = 64，访客n = 73）参与了调查，以确定他们对这些功能设置的看法。基于所选的657份报告和33个关键词，确定了7种功能设置：健康检查（HC）、隔离与观察（QO）、食品与配送（FD）、康复与恢复（HR）、等待与休息（WR）、交通与停车（TP）、装卸（LU）。在所有使用者中，健康检查（HC）（4.13）被认为是最期望的功能设置，而食品与配送（FD）（2.61）是最不期望的。关于满意度水平，大多数使用者对健康检查（3.22）感到满意，而等待与休息（2.16）是最不满意的。不同群体的使用者在期望和满意度方面也存在显著差异。结果表明，由于疫情，就新出现的功能设置而言，当前的户外空间无法充分满足使用者的需求。不同角色的使用者对功能设置的看法存在显著差异。户外空间与使用者在新出现的功能设置上的需求不匹配，导致调查中的满意度较低且期望较高。应针对这些功能设置采用具有适应性和灵活性策略的环境干预措施。管理者、决策者和设计师应充分认识到使用者的差异。
