Junsai Thammaporn, Poapolathep Saranya, Sutjarit Samak, Giorgi Mario, Zhang Zhaowei, Logrieco Antonio Francesco, Li Peiwu, Poapolathep Amnart
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Foods. 2021 Nov 13;10(11):2795. doi: 10.3390/foods10112795.
The prevalence of mycotoxins is often increased by the climatic conditions prevailing in tropical regions. Reports have revealed the contamination of mycotoxins in some types of vegetable oil. However, vegetable oil is one of the essential ingredients used in food preparation. Thus, this study determined the occurrence of multi-mycotoxins in six types of vegetable oils commercially available in Thailand to assess the consumer health risk. In total, 300 vegetable oil samples (olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and rice bran oil) collected from various markets in Thailand were analyzed for the presence of nine mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), beauvericin (BEA), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and fumonisin B2 (FB2) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based procedure and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source. The incidences of mycotoxin contamination varied among the different types of oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 were most frequently found in contaminated samples. AFB2, BEA, ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated olive oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG2, and OTA contaminated palm oil samples. AFB1, AFB2, and ZEA were found in soybean oils, whereas ZEA, FB1, and FB2 contaminated corn oil samples. AFB1 and AFG1 contaminated sunflower oil samples, whereas AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and OTA were detected in rice bran oil samples. However, the contamination levels of the analyzed mycotoxins were below the regulatory limits.
热带地区普遍存在的气候条件常常会增加霉菌毒素的流行率。报告显示某些类型的植物油中存在霉菌毒素污染。然而，植物油是食品制备中使用的基本成分之一。因此，本研究测定了泰国市场上六种市售植物油中多种霉菌毒素的存在情况，以评估消费者的健康风险。总共从泰国不同市场收集了300个植物油样本（橄榄油、棕榈油、大豆油、玉米油、葵花籽油和米糠油），使用基于快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全（QuEChERS）的方法以及配备电喷雾电离源的三重四极杆质谱仪，分析其中九种霉菌毒素的存在情况，这九种霉菌毒素分别是黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）、黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）、黄曲霉毒素G1（AFG1）、黄曲霉毒素G2（AFG2）、白僵菌素（BEA）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）、伏马毒素B1（FB1）和伏马毒素B2（FB2）。霉菌毒素污染的发生率在不同类型的油样中有所不同。AFB1、AFB2、ZEA、FB1和FB2在受污染样本中最为常见。AFB2、BEA、ZEA、FB1和FB2污染了橄榄油样本，而AFB1、AFB2、AFG2和OTA污染了棕榈油样本。大豆油中发现了AFB1、AFB2和ZEA，而玉米油样本被ZEA、FB1和FB2污染。AFB1和AFG1污染了葵花籽油样本，而米糠油样本中检测到了AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和OTA。然而，所分析的霉菌毒素的污染水平低于监管限值。
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