Ferreira Rui, Lourenço Sílvia, Lopes André, Andrade Carlos, Câmara José S, Castilho Paula, Perestrelo Rosa
CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, Av. do Porto de Pesca, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
Foods. 2021 Nov 19;10(11):2867. doi: 10.3390/foods10112867.
Worldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sources. These by-products represent an interesting and economical source of added value components with potential functionalities and/or bioactivities, which might be explored for industrial purposes, encouraging and promoting the circular economy concept. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the fatty acids (FAs) profile using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), as well as the determination of related health lipid indices (e.g., atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI)) as a powerful strategy to investigate the potential applications of different agri-food by-products for human nutrition and animal feeding. This work results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the predominant group in grape pomace (72.7%), grape bunches (54.3%), and brewer's spent grain (BSG, 59.0%), whereas carrot peels are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, 47.3%), and grape stems (46.2%), lees (from 50.8 to 74.1%), and potato peels (77.2%) by saturated fatty acids (SFAs). These findings represent a scientific basis for exploring the nutritional properties of agri-food by-products. Special attention should be given to grape pomace, grape bunches, and BSG since they have a high content of PUFAs (from 54.3 to 72.7%) and lower AI (from 0.11 to 0.38) and TI (from 0.30 to 0.56) indexes, suggesting their potential to provide a variety of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases including well-established hypotriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory effects, products to which they are added.
在全球范围内，食品行业从各种各样的来源产生大量副产品。这些副产品是具有潜在功能和/或生物活性的增值成分的有趣且经济的来源，可用于工业目的进行探索，从而鼓励和促进循环经济概念。在此背景下，当前的工作旨在使用气相色谱 - 火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）评估脂肪酸（FAs）谱，以及测定相关的健康脂质指数（如致动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）和血栓形成指数（TI）），作为一种强有力的策略来研究不同农业食品副产品在人类营养和动物饲料方面的潜在应用。这项工作的结果表明，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）是葡萄渣（72.7%）、葡萄串（54.3%）和啤酒糟（BSG，59.0%）中的主要脂肪酸类别，而胡萝卜皮以单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs，47.3%）为主，葡萄茎（46.2%）、酒糟（50.8%至74.1%）和土豆皮（77.2%）则以饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）为主。这些发现为探索农业食品副产品的营养特性提供了科学依据。应特别关注葡萄渣、葡萄串和啤酒糟，因为它们富含PUFAs（54.3%至72.7%），且AI（0.11至0.38）和TI（0.30至0.56）指数较低，表明它们有可能为预防心血管疾病带来多种健康益处，包括已被证实的降甘油三酯和抗炎作用，以及添加了这些副产品的产品。
