Dimić Ivana, Teslić Nemanja, Putnik Predrag, Bursać Kovačević Danijela, Zeković Zoran, Šojić Branislav, Mrkonjić Živan, Čolović Dušica, Montesano Domenico, Pavlić Branimir
Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jul 1;9(7):568. doi: 10.3390/antiox9070568.
The aim of this study was to valorize the oil recovery from red and white grape seeds ( L.) that remains as by-product after the winemaking process. Oils were extracted by modern techniques, ultrasound assisted (UAE), microwave assisted (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and compared to the Soxhlet extraction (SE). Firstly, SFE was optimized at different operating conditions: pressure (250-350 bar), temperature (40-60 °C), CO flow rate (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 kg h), and particle size (315-800 µm and >800 µm). The highest extraction yields were achieved by SFE at the optimal conditions: 350 bar, 60 °C, 0.4 kg h. Afterwards, SFE was compared to SE, UAE and MAE with respect to oil extraction yields, and analyzed for fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity. Considering the general classification of fatty acids, it was found that samples had high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, regardless of extraction technology. Tocopherol content was significantly influenced by all extraction methods, whereas UAE and MAE resulted in extracts richer with lipophilic antioxidants. In conclusion, modern extractions that are suited for industrial applications had better performance as compared to SE, as judging by the oil yield and quality.
本研究的目的是对酿酒过程后作为副产品残留的红葡萄籽和白葡萄籽中的油脂进行增值利用。采用现代技术提取油脂，包括超声辅助提取（UAE）、微波辅助提取（MAE）和超临界流体萃取（SFE），并与索氏提取（SE）进行比较。首先，在不同操作条件下对SFE进行优化：压力（250 - 350巴）、温度（40 - 60°C）、CO流速（0.2、0.3和0.4千克/小时）以及粒径（315 - 800微米和>800微米）。在最佳条件下（350巴、60°C、0.4千克/小时），SFE实现了最高的提取率。之后，就油脂提取率而言，将SFE与SE、UAE和MAE进行比较，并分析脂肪酸组成和抗氧化能力。考虑到脂肪酸的一般分类，发现无论采用何种提取技术，样品中多不饱和脂肪酸含量都很高。生育酚含量受所有提取方法的显著影响，而UAE和MAE得到的提取物富含亲脂性抗氧化剂。总之，从油脂产量和质量判断，适合工业应用的现代提取方法与SE相比具有更好的性能。
