Barroso Isaac, Guimarães João Tiago, Severo Milton, Craveiro Vanda, Ramos Elisabete
Department of Clinical Pathology, São João University Hospital Centre, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Nov 8;11(11):2063. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11112063.
The immune system gradually matures early in life in the face of internal and external stimuli. Whether the immune responses are lasting and stable during the course of life is still unclear.
As part of the EPITeen cohort, 1183 adolescents were prospectively evaluated at the ages of 13, 17, 21, 24 and 27. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by self- and face-to-face-administered questionnaires, along with a physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements and blood sample collections. Mixed-effects models were used to identify individual trajectories of white blood cells (WBC) and finite Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the clusters of individual trajectories.
Participants were allocated into six clusters based on the individual trajectories of WBC distribution. (11.4%) had the highest total WBC count and neutrophils percentage, as well as the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. These participants had significantly higher odds of being overweight [OR = 2.44, 95%CI:1.51-3.92]. (24.1%) had the lowest total WBC count, being characterized by a higher participation on sports [OR = 1.54, 95%CI:1.12-2.13]. (20.1%) had the highest eosinophils percentage and the highest likelihood of having been diagnosed with a chronic disease [OR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.43-3.13], namely "asthma or allergies" [OR = 14.0 (1.73, 112.2]. (29.1%) had the lowest percentage of eosinophils and basophils, as well as the highest lymphocyte proportion. Participants in the (13.8%) showed the highest percentage of monocytes and basophils and were also characterized by significant lower odds of having parents with 7-9 years of schooling [OR = 0.56, (0.32, 0.99].
In this study we identified distinct immunological trajectories of WBC from adolescence to adulthood that were associated with social, clinical and behavioral determinants. These results suggest that these immunological trajectories are defined early in life, being dependent on the exposures.
面对内部和外部刺激，免疫系统在生命早期逐渐成熟。免疫反应在生命过程中是否持久稳定仍不清楚。
作为EPITeen队列研究的一部分，对1183名青少年在13岁、17岁、21岁、24岁和27岁时进行了前瞻性评估。通过自我填写和面对面询问的问卷收集社会人口统计学、行为和临床数据，同时进行包括人体测量和血液样本采集的体格检查。使用混合效应模型确定白细胞（WBC）的个体轨迹，并使用有限高斯混合模型确定个体轨迹的聚类。
根据白细胞分布的个体轨迹，参与者被分为六个聚类。（11.4%）的白细胞总数和中性粒细胞百分比最高，淋巴细胞百分比最低。这些参与者超重的几率显著更高[比值比（OR）=2.44，95%置信区间（CI）：1.51 - 3.92]。（24.1%）的白细胞总数最低，其特点是体育活动参与度较高[OR = 1.54，95%CI：1.12 - 2.13]。（20.1%）的嗜酸性粒细胞百分比最高，被诊断患有慢性病的可能性最大[OR = 2.11，95%CI：1.43 - 3.13]，即“哮喘或过敏”[OR = 14.0（1.73，112.2）]。（29.1%）的嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞百分比最低，淋巴细胞比例最高。（13.8%）的参与者单核细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞百分比最高，其特点是父母接受7 - 9年学校教育的几率显著较低[OR = 0.56，（0.32，0.99）]。
在本研究中，我们确定了从青春期到成年期白细胞不同的免疫轨迹，这些轨迹与社会、临床和行为决定因素相关。这些结果表明，这些免疫轨迹在生命早期就已确定，取决于暴露情况。
