Laboratory of Immunomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 10;22(22):12149. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212149.
The oral mucosa is a site of intense immune activity, where a large variety of immune cells meet to provide a first line of defense against pathogenic organisms. Interestingly, the oral mucosa is exposed to a plethora of antigens from food and commensal bacteria that must be tolerated. The mechanisms that enable this tolerance are not yet fully defined. Many works have focused on active immune mechanisms involving dendritic and regulatory T cells. However, epithelial cells also make a major contribution to tolerance by influencing both innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, the tolerogenic mechanisms concurring in the oral mucosa are intertwined. Here, we review them systematically, paying special attention to the role of oral epithelial cells.
口腔黏膜是免疫活性很强的部位，大量的免疫细胞在此聚集，形成抵御病原微生物的第一道防线。有趣的是，口腔黏膜还会接触到大量食物和共生细菌抗原，而这些抗原必须被耐受。但目前尚不完全清楚实现这种耐受的机制。许多研究集中在涉及树突状细胞和调节性 T 细胞的主动免疫机制上。然而，上皮细胞通过影响固有免疫和适应性免疫，对耐受也有重要贡献。因此，口腔黏膜中的共有的耐受机制是相互交织的。在这里，我们系统地对这些机制进行综述，特别关注口腔上皮细胞的作用。
