Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 10;22(22):12173. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212173.
Centrins are a family of small, EF hand-containing proteins that are found in all eukaryotes and are often complexed with centrosome-related structures. Since their discovery, centrins have attracted increasing interest due to their multiple, diverse cellular functions. Centrins are similar to calmodulin (CaM) in size, structure and domain organization, although in contrast to CaM, the majority of centrins possess at least one calcium (Ca) binding site that is non-functional, thus displaying large variance in Ca sensing abilities that could support their functional versatility. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on centrins from both biophysical and structural perspectives with an emphasis on centrin-target interactions. In-depth analysis of the Ca sensing properties of centrins and structures of centrins complexed with target proteins can provide useful insight into the mechanisms of the different functions of centrins and how these proteins contribute to the complexity of the Ca signaling cascade. Moreover, it can help to better understand the functional redundancy of centrin isoforms and centrin-binding proteins.
中心体蛋白是一类广泛存在于真核生物中的小型 EF 手型结构域蛋白，通常与中心体相关结构形成复合物。自发现以来，中心体蛋白因其多种多样化的细胞功能而引起了越来越多的关注。中心体蛋白在大小、结构和结构域组织上与钙调蛋白 (CaM) 相似，但与 CaM 不同的是，大多数中心体蛋白至少具有一个非功能的钙 (Ca) 结合位点，因此在 Ca 感应能力上存在较大差异，这可能支持了它们功能的多样性。在这篇综述中，我们从生物物理和结构的角度总结了目前关于中心体蛋白的知识，重点介绍了中心体蛋白与靶蛋白的相互作用。深入分析中心体蛋白的 Ca 感应特性以及与靶蛋白结合的中心体蛋白结构，可以为不同中心体蛋白功能的机制以及这些蛋白如何促进 Ca 信号级联反应的复杂性提供有用的见解。此外，它还有助于更好地理解中心体蛋白同工型和中心体结合蛋白的功能冗余。
