Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 12;22(22):12221. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212221.
Human saliva is a complex body fluid with more than 3000 different identified proteins. Besides rheological and lubricating properties, saliva supports wound healing and acts as an antimicrobial barrier. TFF peptides are secreted from the mucous acini of the major and minor salivary glands and are typical constituents of normal saliva; TFF3 being the predominant peptide compared with TFF1 and TFF2. Only TFF3 is easily detectable by Western blotting. It occurs in two forms, a disulfide-linked homodimer (Mr: 13k) and a high-molecular-mass heterodimer with IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP). TFF peptides are secretory lectins known for their protective effects in mucous epithelia; the TFF3 dimer probably has wound-healing properties due to its weak motogenic effect. There are multiple indications that FCGBP and TFF3-FCGBP play a key role in the innate immune defense of mucous epithelia. In addition, homodimeric TFF3 interacts in vitro with the salivary agglutinin DMBT1. Here, the protective roles of TFF peptides, FCGBP, and DMBT1 in saliva are discussed. TFF peptides are also used to reduce radiotherapy- or chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Thus, TFF peptides, FCGBP, and DMBT1 are promising candidates for better formulations of artificial saliva, particularly improving wound healing and antimicrobial effects even in the esophagus.
人唾液是一种复杂的体液，其中含有 3000 多种不同的已鉴定蛋白质。除了流变学和润滑特性外，唾液还支持伤口愈合，并起到抗菌屏障的作用。TFF 肽由大、小唾液腺的粘液腺泡分泌，是正常唾液的典型成分；与 TFF1 和 TFF2 相比，TFF3 是主要的肽。只有 TFF3 可以通过 Western blot 轻松检测到。它有两种形式，一种是二硫键连接的同源二聚体（Mr：13k），另一种是与 IgG Fc 结合蛋白（FCGBP）结合的高分子量异源二聚体。TFF 肽是分泌性凝集素，以其在粘液上皮中的保护作用而闻名；TFF3 二聚体可能具有愈合伤口的特性，因为它具有微弱的促运动效应。有多项迹象表明，FCGBP 和 TFF3-FCGBP 在粘液上皮的先天免疫防御中起着关键作用。此外，同二聚体 TFF3 与唾液凝集素 DMBT1 在体外相互作用。在这里，讨论了 TFF 肽、FCGBP 和 DMBT1 在唾液中的保护作用。TFF 肽也用于减少放疗或化疗引起的口腔粘膜炎。因此，TFF 肽、FCGBP 和 DMBT1 是更好的人工唾液配方的有前途的候选物，特别是在食管中，甚至可以改善伤口愈合和抗菌效果。
