Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
Division of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 22;22(22):12593. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212593.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, however traditional therapies have several side effects. This has led to an urgent need to explore novel drug approaches to treatment strategies such as graphene-based nanomaterials such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO). It was noticed as a potential drug due to its target selectivity, easy functionalisation, chemisensitisation, and high drug-loading capacity. rGO is widely used in many fields, including biological and biomedical, due to its unique physicochemical properties. However, the possible mechanisms of rGO toxicity remain unclear. In this paper, we present findings on the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of rGO and its ability to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines. We indicate that rGO induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cell lines, but not in T-47D, MCF-7, Hs 578T cell lines. In rGO-treated MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cell lines, we noticed increased induction of apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, rGO has been found to cause oxidative stress, reduce proliferation, and induce structural changes in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these studies provide new insight into the mechanism of oxidative stress and apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
乳腺癌是女性最常见的癌症，但传统疗法有许多副作用。这导致人们迫切需要探索新的药物治疗策略，如基于石墨烯的纳米材料，如还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）。由于其靶向选择性、易于功能化、化学增敏和高载药能力，rGO 被认为是一种有潜力的药物。rGO 由于其独特的物理化学性质，广泛应用于生物和生物医学等许多领域。然而，rGO 毒性的可能机制仍不清楚。在本文中，我们介绍了 rGO 的细胞毒性和抗增殖作用及其诱导乳腺癌细胞系氧化应激和细胞凋亡的能力。我们表明，rGO 在 MDA-MB-231 和 ZR-75-1 细胞系中诱导了时间和剂量依赖性的细胞毒性，但在 T-47D、MCF-7 和 Hs 578T 细胞系中没有。在 rGO 处理的 MDA-MB-231 和 ZR-75-1 细胞系中，我们注意到凋亡和坏死的诱导增加。此外，rGO 已被发现会导致氧化应激、减少增殖并诱导乳腺癌细胞的结构变化。总之，这些研究为乳腺癌细胞中氧化应激和细胞凋亡的机制提供了新的见解。
