Bartsch Katja Martina, Baumgart Christian, Freiwald Jürgen, Wilke Jan, Slomka Gunda, Turnhöfer Sascha, Egner Christoph, Hoppe Matthias W, Klingler Werner, Schleip Robert
Department of Sport Science and Sport (DSS), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
J Clin Med. 2021 Nov 17;10(22):5360. doi: 10.3390/jcm10225360.
Foam rolling is a type of self-massage using tools such as foam or roller sticks. However, to date, there is no consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. A methodological approach to narrow that research gap is to obtain reliable opinions of expert groups. The aim of the study was to develop experts' consensus on contraindications and cautions of foam rolling by means of a Delphi process.
An international three-round Delphi study was conducted. Academic experts, defined as having (co-) authored at least one PubMed-listed paper on foam rolling, were invited to participate. Rounds 1 and 2 involved generation and rating of a list of possible contraindications and cautions of foam rolling. In round 3, participants indicated their agreement on contraindications and cautions for a final set of conditions. Consensus was evaluated using a priori defined criteria. Consensus on contraindications and cautions was considered as reached if more than 70% of participating experts labeled the respective item as contraindication and contraindication or caution, respectively, in round 3.
In the final Delphi process round, responses were received from 37 participants. Panel participants were predominantly sports scientists ( = 21), physiotherapists ( = 6), and medical professionals ( = 5). Consensus on contraindications was reached for open wounds (73% agreement) and bone fractures (84%). Consensus on cautions was achieved for local tissue inflammation (97%), deep vein thrombosis (97%), osteomyelitis (94%), and myositis ossificans (92%). The highest impact/severity of an adverse event caused by contraindication/cautions was estimated for bone fractures, deep vein thrombosis, and osteomyelitis.
The mechanical forces applied through foam rolling can be considered as potential threats leading to adverse events in the context of the identified contraindications and cautions. Further evaluations by medical professionals as well as the collection of clinical data are needed to assess the risks of foam rolling and to generate guidance for different applications and professional backgrounds.
泡沫轴放松是一种使用泡沫轴或滚轴棒等工具进行的自我按摩方式。然而，迄今为止，关于泡沫轴放松的禁忌证和注意事项尚未达成共识。缩小这一研究差距的一种方法是获取专家组的可靠意见。本研究的目的是通过德尔菲法就泡沫轴放松的禁忌证和注意事项达成专家共识。
开展了一项国际三轮德尔菲研究。邀请了学术专家参与，学术专家定义为至少共同撰写过一篇发表在PubMed上关于泡沫轴放松的论文。第一轮和第二轮涉及生成和评定泡沫轴放松可能的禁忌证和注意事项清单。在第三轮中，参与者对最终一组情况的禁忌证和注意事项表明了他们的认同。使用预先定义的标准评估共识。如果在第三轮中超过70%的参与专家分别将相应项目标记为禁忌证、禁忌证或注意事项，则认为在禁忌证和注意事项上达成了共识。
在最终的德尔菲法过程轮次中，收到了37名参与者的回复。专家小组参与者主要是运动科学家（21名）、物理治疗师（6名）和医学专业人员（5名）。开放性伤口（73%认同）和骨折（84%）的禁忌证达成了共识。局部组织炎症（97%）、深静脉血栓形成（97%）、骨髓炎（94%）和骨化性肌炎（92%）的注意事项达成了共识。由禁忌证/注意事项引起的不良事件的最高影响/严重程度估计为骨折、深静脉血栓形成和骨髓炎。
在已确定的禁忌证和注意事项背景下，通过泡沫轴放松施加的机械力可被视为导致不良事件的潜在威胁。需要医学专业人员进行进一步评估以及收集临床数据，以评估泡沫轴放松的风险，并为不同应用和专业背景制定指导建议。
