Querido Sérgio M, Brito João, Figueiredo Pedro, Carnide Filomena, Vaz João R, Freitas Sandro R
Faculty of Human Kinetics, Centro Interdisciplinar de Performance Humana, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Jul 15;3:680799. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.680799. eCollection 2021.
Although several approaches have been proposed to mitigate post-match fatigue, few studies have been conducted in team sports to understand the types of recovery methods and the underlying reasons for the choices of medical and technical staff. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable online questionnaire to assess the recovery practices implemented by football clubs within 72 h post-match. Two research members developed the original questionnaire proposal, and two experts in sports science and sports medicine confirmed the content and face validities. Then, 20 football coaches (age: 39.4 ± 6.8 years) with a minimum of 5 years of experience in professional football (9.1 ± 4.9 years) and with an academic background participated in determining the ecological validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The acceptability and relevance of the questionnaire were determined using descriptive statistics. After confirming the content and face validities, one questionnaire section with two questions was excluded due to lack of relevance, seven open-ended questions were removed due to the adherence of small participants (i.e., 45.4%), and one section was divided into three to facilitate clearness in reading. The remaining sections were considered acceptable and relevant (>94.1%). About 91.8% of nominal and ordinal items derived from the questionnaire questions showed good to very good reliability outcomes (average classification: 0.73 ± 0.13; min-max: 0.22-1.00, < 0.05; average classification: 0.82 ± 0.15; min-max: 0.22-1.00, < 0.05). This study provided a novel, valid, reliable, and easy-to-use tool to examine the post-match recovery practices in professional football contexts.
尽管已经提出了几种减轻赛后疲劳的方法，但在团队运动中，很少有研究去了解恢复方法的类型以及医疗和技术人员选择这些方法的潜在原因。本研究旨在开发一份有效且可靠的在线问卷，以评估足球俱乐部在赛后72小时内实施的恢复措施。两名研究成员制定了原始问卷提案，两名运动科学和运动医学专家确认了问卷内容和表面效度。然后，20名足球教练（年龄：39.4±6.8岁）参与了问卷生态效度和信度的确定，他们至少有5年的职业足球经验（9.1±4.9年）且具有学术背景。使用描述性统计来确定问卷的可接受性和相关性。在确认内容和表面效度后，由于缺乏相关性，一个包含两个问题的问卷部分被排除；由于小部分参与者（即45.4%）坚持保留，七个开放式问题被删除；一个部分被分成三个部分以方便阅读。其余部分被认为是可接受且相关的（>94.1%）。问卷问题中约91.8%的名义和有序项目显示出良好到非常好的信度结果（平均分类：0.73±0.13；最小-最大：0.22 - 1.00，<0.05；平均分类：0.82±0.15；最小-最大：0.22 - 1.00，<0.05）。本研究提供了一种新颖、有效、可靠且易于使用的工具，用于研究职业足球环境中的赛后恢复措施。
