Canale Matteo, Monti Manlio, Rapposelli Ilario Giovanni, Ulivi Paola, Sullo Francesco Giulio, Bartolini Giulia, Tiberi Elisa, Frassineti Giovanni Luca
Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy.
Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014 Meldola, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;13(22):5671. doi: 10.3390/cancers13225671.
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), for their low incidence, have been often considered together. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy, characterized by late diagnosis and poor prognosis, and although it is considered a rare tumor in western countries, other areas of the world show considerable incidence rates. In 2010, results from the large phase III ABC-02 clinical trial on GBC identified the gemcitabine and cisplatin combination as the most effective first-line regimen for both GBC and other BTCs. Since then, various systemic therapies have proven active in BTCs in both first- and second-line settings. Molecular profiling has highlighted important genetic differences between GBC and other BTCs, opening new ways for targeted therapy in advanced disease where standard chemotherapies show marginal benefit. Genome-wide data analysis have shown that GBC molecular landscape offer possible strategies for precision medicine approaches, and a better molecular understanding of the GBC is needed to better stratify patients for treatment. In this review, we discuss the molecular targetable agents for GBC, including the results that emerged by clinical trials exploring new treatment strategies.
胆道癌（BTCs）因其发病率低，常被一并考虑。胆囊癌（GBC）是最常见的胆道恶性肿瘤，其特点是诊断晚、预后差，尽管在西方国家它被视为罕见肿瘤，但在世界其他地区其发病率相当可观。2010年，关于GBC的大型III期ABC - 02临床试验结果确定吉西他滨和顺铂联合用药是GBC及其他BTCs最有效的一线治疗方案。从那时起，各种全身治疗方法已被证明在BTCs的一线和二线治疗中均有活性。分子谱分析突出了GBC与其他BTCs之间重要的基因差异，为晚期疾病的靶向治疗开辟了新途径，在晚期疾病中标准化疗显示出有限的疗效。全基因组数据分析表明，GBC分子格局为精准医学方法提供了可能的策略，需要对GBC有更好的分子理解，以便更好地对患者进行分层治疗。在本综述中，我们讨论了GBC的分子靶向药物，包括探索新治疗策略的临床试验所产生的结果。
