Stewart Georgia, Chantry Andrew, Lawson Michelle
Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 13;13(22):5687. doi: 10.3390/cancers13225687.
Multiple myeloma accounts for 1% of all new cancers worldwide. It is the second most common haematological malignancy and has a low five-year survival rate (53.2%). Myeloma remains an incurable disease and is caused by the growth of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Current anti-myeloma therapies (conventional chemotherapies, immunomodulatory drugs i.e., thalidomide and its' analogues, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and radiotherapy) initially substantially debulk tumour burden, but after a period of remission 'plateau phase' disease invariably relapses due to tumour recrudescence from foci of minimal residual disease (MRD) and accumulating drug resistance. Therefore, there is a compelling clinical need for the development of novel treatment regimens to target MRD and effectively eliminate all remaining tumour cells. This review will discuss the potential use of oncolytic virus (OV) therapies in the treatment of myeloma. Specifically, it will focus on preclinical studies using DNA viruses (adenovirus (Ad), vaccinia virus (VV), myxoma virus (MYXV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV)), RNA viruses (reovirus (reo), coxsackie virus, measles virus (MV) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)), and on four types of viruses (VV, reo, MV-NIS and VSV-IFNβ-NIS) that have been assessed clinically in a small number of myeloma patients.
多发性骨髓瘤占全球所有新发癌症的1%。它是第二常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤，五年生存率较低（53.2%）。骨髓瘤仍然是一种无法治愈的疾病，由骨髓中恶性浆细胞的生长引起。目前的抗骨髓瘤疗法（传统化疗、免疫调节药物，即沙利度胺及其类似物、蛋白酶体抑制剂、单克隆抗体和放疗）最初可大幅减轻肿瘤负荷，但在缓解期的“平台期”后，由于微小残留病（MRD）病灶的肿瘤复发和耐药性积累，疾病总是会复发。因此，迫切需要开发新的治疗方案来靶向MRD并有效消除所有剩余的肿瘤细胞。本综述将讨论溶瘤病毒（OV）疗法在骨髓瘤治疗中的潜在应用。具体而言，它将重点关注使用DNA病毒（腺病毒（Ad）、痘苗病毒（VV）、黏液瘤病毒（MYXV）和单纯疱疹病毒（HSV））、RNA病毒（呼肠孤病毒（reo）、柯萨奇病毒、麻疹病毒（MV）和牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）以及水疱性口炎病毒（VSV））的临床前研究，以及已在少数骨髓瘤患者中进行临床评估的四种病毒（VV、reo、MV-NIS和VSV-IFNβ-NIS）。
