Liu Runqiang, Li Jingchong, Zhang Lei, Feng Ta, Zhang Zhiyong, Zhang Baohong
Henan Key Laboratory for Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Shanxi Mei Bang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Weinan 714000, China.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Oct 26;10(11):2304. doi: 10.3390/plants10112304.
Difenoconazole is one of the most commonly used fungicides to prevent and treat plant diseases caused by certain fungi. Due to increasing usage, more difenoconazole has been released into the environment and caused environment pollution. However, the potential impact of difenoconazole on plant growth and development and its involved mechanism are unclear. In this study, we discovered that difenoconazole exposure significantly inhibited plant growth, evidenced by the decrease in root dry weight, total root length, and surface area by 20-70%, 43-73%, and 26-66%, respectively, under different regimes of treatment concentrations and periods. Difenoconazole exposure also significantly inhibited shoot growth and development by decreasing 33-61% of the shoot dry weight and 50-65% of the leaf area. Difenoconazole exposure induced plant leaf cells to generate more ROS (O and HO) and MDA, which resulted in a decreased chlorophyll content and then inhibited leaf photosynthesis. Difenoconazole exposure also induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the roots and leaves of the wheat seedlings. SOD and APX activities were higher and more stable in the roots than those in the leaves. Based on our study, plant roots exhibited a more pronounced superoxide radical scavenging ability than plant leaves. In summary, difenoconazole exposure caused oxidative stress, reduced chlorophyll biosynthesis and functions, and then inhibited wheat plant growth and development.
苯醚甲环唑是预防和治疗由某些真菌引起的植物病害最常用的杀菌剂之一。由于使用量不断增加，更多的苯醚甲环唑被释放到环境中并造成环境污染。然而，苯醚甲环唑对植物生长发育的潜在影响及其作用机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们发现，在不同处理浓度和处理时间条件下，暴露于苯醚甲环唑显著抑制植物生长，表现为根干重、总根长和表面积分别减少20%-70%、43%-73%和26%-66%。暴露于苯醚甲环唑还显著抑制地上部生长发育，地上部干重减少33%-61%，叶面积减少50%-65%。暴露于苯醚甲环唑诱导植物叶片细胞产生更多的活性氧（O和HO）和丙二醛，导致叶绿素含量降低，进而抑制叶片光合作用。暴露于苯醚甲环唑还诱导了小麦幼苗根和叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（G-POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性。根中SOD和APX的活性比叶中更高且更稳定。基于我们的研究，植物根比植物叶表现出更明显的超氧自由基清除能力。总之，暴露于苯醚甲环唑会引起氧化应激，减少叶绿素的生物合成和功能，进而抑制小麦植株的生长发育。
