Touzout Nabil, Mihoub Adil, Ahmad Iftikhar, Lekmine Sabrina, Tahraoui Hichem, Krache Feriel, Ali Ehsan, Hussain Sarfraz, Danish Subhan, Amrane Abdeltif, El-Beltagi Hossam S, Rebouh Nazih Y
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Pole Urban Ouzera, University of Medea, 26000, Medea, Algeria.
Laboratory Materials and Environment, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Urban Center, 26000, Medea, Algeria.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 21;15(1):26512. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12123-2.
The multiple contamination of pesticides are common in farmland soil. However, there is a noteworthy knowledge gap regarding the ecophysiological response of co-exposure of pesticides on non-target crops under such conditions. Silicon (Si) was chosen to alleviate pesticides phytotoxicity due to its ability to improve plant growth and adaptive responses against xenobiotics exposure. This study explores the mechanisms of combined effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (CM), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and difenoconazole (DIF), a systemic triazole fungicide induced phytotoxicity and the potential of Si to alleviate CM + DIF toxicity by regulating growth, redox homeostasis, and antioxidant defense in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. The results showed that tomato growth and chlorophyll biosynthesis was significantly inhibited by individual and combined stress of CM and DIF, possibly due to induced oxidative stress. Interestingly, the extent of lipid peroxidation was much higher under CM and DIF co-exposure than under CM and DIF only, as indicated by MDA level, thus indicating the synergistic effect of pesticide on oxidative damage. Moreover, pesticide exposure significantly improved ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione, and proline in tomato seedlings compared to control. Our study demonstrates that Si improves tomato seedling's tolerance to CM + DIF toxicity by enhancing pesticides metabolism through GSH-GST detoxification enzymes. Si supply also enhanced PAL activity and stimulated reactions in the phenylpropanoid pathway to produce phenolic and flavonoids in tomato seedlings under CM + DIF stress. Si promotes chlorophyll biosynthesis and reinforces the antioxidative system, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis and overall seedling growth under CM and DIF co-exposure. The findings provide valuable information about the underlying mechanisms of Si-mediated CM and DIF co-exposure response with potential use as effective bio-stimulants in agriculture to address pesticides phytotoxicity issues.
农田土壤中农药的多重污染很常见。然而,在这种情况下,关于农药共同暴露对非靶标作物的生态生理响应存在明显的知识空白。由于硅(Si)能够促进植物生长并增强对异源物质暴露的适应性反应,因此被选用于减轻农药的植物毒性。本研究探讨了高效氯氟氰菊酯(CM,一种合成拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂)和苯醚甲环唑(DIF,一种内吸性三唑类杀菌剂)联合诱导植物毒性的作用机制,以及硅通过调节番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)幼苗的生长、氧化还原稳态和抗氧化防御来减轻CM + DIF毒性的潜力。结果表明,CM和DIF单独及联合胁迫均显著抑制了番茄的生长和叶绿素生物合成,这可能是由于诱导了氧化应激所致。有趣的是,如丙二醛(MDA)水平所示,CM和DIF共同暴露下的脂质过氧化程度远高于仅CM和DIF处理时,这表明农药对氧化损伤具有协同作用。此外,与对照相比,农药暴露显著提高了番茄幼苗中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、还原型谷胱甘肽和脯氨酸的含量。我们的研究表明,硅通过谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSH-GST)解毒酶增强农药代谢,从而提高番茄幼苗对CM + DIF毒性的耐受性。在CM + DIF胁迫下,硅的供应还增强了苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性,并刺激了苯丙烷类途径中的反应,从而在番茄幼苗中产生酚类和黄酮类物质。硅促进叶绿素生物合成并增强抗氧化系统,从而在CM和DIF共同暴露下维持氧化还原稳态和幼苗整体生长。这些发现为硅介导的CM和DIF共同暴露响应的潜在机制提供了有价值的信息,有望作为有效的生物刺激剂用于农业生产,以解决农药植物毒性问题。