Tasinov Oskan, Dincheva Ivayla, Badjakov Ilian, Kiselova-Kaneva Yoana, Galunska Bistra, Nogueiras Ruben, Ivanova Diana
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 84B Tzar Osvoboditel Blvd., 9002 Varna, Bulgaria.
AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;10(11):2446. doi: 10.3390/plants10112446.
L. (SE) fruits are used for their immunostimulation, hematopoietic and antiviral potential. Recently, we focused on analyzing the mechanism underlying SE fruit aqueous extract's (FAE) immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activities, with attention to its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-reducing potential. J774A.1 macrophages were treated with SE FAE alone or in conditions of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, its phytochemical composition was analyzed. To measure transcription and protein levels, we used qPCR and Western blot, respectively. The prevailing phytochemicals in SE FAE were hydroxycinnamic acids, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. The content of some amino acids, organic acids, alcohols, fatty acids and esters were newly reported. Extracts exerted an immunostimulation potential by stimulating and transcription, without inducing ER stress. SE FAE suppressed the LPS-induced transcription of inflammation related genes () and reduced the protein levels of iNOS, peIF2α, ATF6α and CHOP. The effects were comparable to that of salicylic acid. SE suppresses LPS-stimulated inflammatory markers on the transcription and translation levels. Targeting ER stress is possibly another mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory potential. These findings reveal the potential of SE fruits as a beneficial therapeutic of inflammation and ER stress-related pathological conditions.
L.（SE）果实因其免疫刺激、造血和抗病毒潜力而被使用。最近，我们专注于分析SE果实水提取物（FAE）免疫调节和抗炎活性的潜在机制，并关注其减轻内质网（ER）应激的潜力。J774A.1巨噬细胞单独用SE FAE处理或在脂多糖（LPS）刺激条件下处理。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和液相色谱-串联质谱仪（LC-MS/MS）分析其植物化学成分。为了测量转录和蛋白质水平，我们分别使用了定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹法（Western blot）。SE FAE中主要的植物化学成分是羟基肉桂酸、原花青素和花青素。一些氨基酸、有机酸、醇、脂肪酸和酯的含量是新报道的。提取物通过刺激 和 转录发挥免疫刺激潜力，而不诱导内质网应激。SE FAE抑制LPS诱导的炎症相关基因（）转录，并降低诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、磷酸化真核起始因子2α（peIF2α）、活化转录因子6α（ATF6α）和C/EBP同源蛋白（CHOP）的蛋白质水平。这些作用与水杨酸相当。SE在转录和翻译水平上抑制LPS刺激的炎症标志物。靶向内质网应激可能是其抗炎潜力的另一种潜在机制。这些发现揭示了SE果实作为炎症和内质网应激相关病理状况有益治疗剂的潜力。
