虾壳废弃物提取物对植物真菌和卵菌病原体的抑制活性。
Inhibitory Activity of Shrimp Waste Extracts on Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens.
作者信息
El Boumlasy Soumia, La Spada Federico, Tuccitto Nunzio, Marletta Giovanni, Mínguez Carlos Luz, Meca Giuseppe, Rovetto Ermes Ivan, Pane Antonella, Debdoubi Abderrahmane, Cacciola Santa Olga
机构信息
Laboratory of Materials-Catalysis, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tetouan B.P. 2117, Morocco.
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
出版信息
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 13;10(11):2452. doi: 10.3390/plants10112452.
(1) Background: This study was aimed at determining the inhibitory effect of new natural substances obtained by minimal processing from shrimp wastes on fungi and oomycetes in the genera , , , , and ; the effectiveness of the substance with the highest activity in preventing citrus and apple fruit rot incited by and , respectively, was also evaluated. (2) Methods: The four tested substances, water-extract, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract, were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS-TOF; preliminary tests were carried out to determine the minimal inhibitory/fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) of the raw dry powder, EtOAc-extract, MetOH-extract and nitric-extract for each pathogen. (3) Results: in the agar-diffusion-assay, nitric-extract showed an inhibitory effect on all pathogens, at all concentrations tested (100, 75, 50 and 25%); the maximum activity was on , and ; the diameters of inhibition halos were directly proportional to the extract concentration; values of MIC and MFC of this extract for all pathogens ranged from 2 to 3.5%; the highest concentrations (50 to 100%) tested were effective in preventing citrus and apple fruit molds. (4) Conclusions: This study contributes to the search for natural and ecofriendly substances for the control of pre- and post-harvest plant pathogens.
(1) 背景：本研究旨在确定通过对虾废弃物进行最少加工而获得的新型天然物质对曲霉属、青霉属、镰刀菌属、链格孢属、疫霉属和腐霉属中的真菌和卵菌的抑制作用；还评估了具有最高活性的物质分别对由指状青霉和扩展青霉引起的柑橘和苹果采后腐烂的防治效果。(2) 方法：采用高效液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离 - 飞行时间质谱（HPLC - ESI - MS - TOF）分析四种受试物质，即水提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、甲醇提取物和硝酸提取物；进行初步试验以确定粗干粉、乙酸乙酯提取物、甲醇提取物和硝酸提取物对每种病原体的最小抑菌/杀菌浓度（分别为MIC和MFC）。(3) 结果：在琼脂扩散试验中，硝酸提取物在所有测试浓度（100%、75%、50%和25%）下均对所有病原体表现出抑制作用；对指状青霉、扩展青霉和柑橘绿霉的活性最高；抑菌圈直径与提取物浓度成正比；该提取物对所有病原体的MIC和MFC值范围为2%至3.5%；测试的最高浓度（50%至100%）可有效防治柑橘和苹果采后霉变。(4) 结论：本研究有助于寻找天然且环保的物质来控制采前和采后植物病原体。
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