Patonay Katalin, Szalontai Helga, Radácsi Péter, Zámboriné-Németh Éva
Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka St. 6 Building G, H-3300 Eger, Hungary.
Department and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Institute of Horticulture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi St. 29-43, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 16;10(11):2478. doi: 10.3390/plants10112478.
(L.) L. is the most widespread wild-growing mint species found, and its chemical composition is extremely diverse. We studied the essential oil (EO) yield, composition, and chemotaxonomy of five, northern Hungarian accessions of the species in a cultivation experiment covering two vegetation years at two parallel sites. The long-term goal is to establish the cultivation of this stress-tolerant species in Hungary as a source of flavoring and preservative agents for commercial use. Essential oil yield (1-2 mL/100 g) was observed to be dependent on both the accession and the year. Accession is assumed to be a new, presumably rare chemotype containing carvacrol (19.28-20.56%), 1,8-cineole (14.87-17.45%), thymol (13.36-13.90%), carvacryl acetate (8.81-10.40%), and -cymene (7.24-8.01%). Only minor fluctuations occurred in concentrations of these constituents due to habitats and years. A radical change in essential oil composition was observed in accession , as one batch was based on thymol (19.79%) and 1,8-cineole (14.93%), while the others were rich in dihydrocarvone isomers (up to 69%). Although this needs further investigation, it does explain the coexistence of limonene-oxo and -terpinene pathways in horsemint. According to the literature, the pathway leading to thymol isomers and/or esters may be rare in the entire genus. We also demonstrated that known chemotypes of horsemint may differ in variability of their EO composition. Our results also led to the conclusion that any declaration on chemotype needs detailed examination and is not realistic on the basis of a single sample. Assumptions were made about the potential areas of utilization: beside fragrance and flavoring uses of essential oils free from pulegone and menthofurane, thymol-based ones may be used as antioxidative and anti-spoilage agents.
（唇形科）薄荷是已发现的分布最为广泛的野生薄荷物种，其化学成分极为多样。在两个平行地点进行的为期两个生长季的栽培试验中，我们研究了匈牙利北部该物种的五个种质的精油产量、成分及化学分类学特征。长期目标是在匈牙利种植这种耐胁迫物种，作为商业用途的调味剂和防腐剂来源。观察到精油产量（1 - 2毫升/100克）既取决于种质，也取决于年份。种质被认为是一种新的、可能稀有的化学型，含有香芹酚（19.28 - 20.56%）、1,8 - 桉叶素（14.87 - 17.45%）、百里香酚（13.36 - 13.90%）、乙酸香芹酯（8.81 - 10.40%）和对伞花烃（7.24 - 8.01%）。由于栖息地和年份的原因，这些成分的浓度仅有微小波动。在种质中观察到精油成分发生了根本性变化，因为一批基于百里香酚（19.79%）和1,8 - 桉叶素（14.93%），而其他批次富含二氢香芹酮异构体（高达69%）。尽管这需要进一步研究，但它确实解释了野马薄荷中柠檬烯 - 酮和γ - 萜品烯途径的共存。根据文献，导致百里香酚异构体和/或酯类物质的途径在整个薄荷属中可能很罕见。我们还证明了已知的野马薄荷化学型在其精油成分的变异性方面可能存在差异。我们的结果还得出结论，任何关于化学型的声明都需要详细审查，仅基于单个样本是不现实的。对潜在利用领域进行了假设：除了不含长叶薄荷酮和薄荷呋喃的精油用于香料和调味用途外，基于百里香酚的精油可作为抗氧化剂和防变质剂使用。
