Abdelzaher Hana M, Gabr Asmaa S, Saleh Basma M, Abdel Gawad Rana M, Nour Ahmed A, Abdelanser Anwar
Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Oct 20;9(11):1211. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111211.
mRNA vaccines have amassed a strong interest from scientists and nonscientists alike for their potential in treating cancer and curbing the spread of infectious diseases. Their success has been bolstered by the COVID-19 pandemic as mRNA vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus showed unrivaled efficiency and success. The strategy relies on the delivery of an RNA transcript that carries the sequence of an antigenic molecule into the body's cells where the antigen is manufactured. The lack of use of infectious pathogens and the fact that they are made of nucleic acids render these vaccines a favorable alternative to other vaccination modalities. However, mRNA vaccination still suffers from a great deal of hurdles starting from their safety, cellular delivery, uptake and response to their manufacturing, logistics and storage. In this review, we examine the premise of RNA vaccination starting from their conceptualization to their clinical applications. We also thoroughly discuss the advances in the field of RNA vaccination for infectious diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges impeding their progress and shed light on potential areas of research in the field.
mRNA疫苗因其在治疗癌症和遏制传染病传播方面的潜力，引起了科学家和非科学家的浓厚兴趣。新冠疫情推动了它们的成功，因为针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒的mRNA疫苗展现出了无与伦比的效率和成效。该策略依赖于将携带抗原分子序列的RNA转录本递送至人体细胞内，抗原在这些细胞中得以制造。由于不使用传染性病原体且由核酸构成，这些疫苗成为了其他疫苗接种方式的有利替代方案。然而，mRNA疫苗接种仍面临诸多障碍，从安全性、细胞递送、摄取及反应，到制造、物流和储存等方面。在本综述中，我们考察了RNA疫苗接种从概念化到临床应用的前提。我们还深入讨论了传染病RNA疫苗接种领域的进展。最后，我们探讨了阻碍其发展的挑战，并阐明该领域潜在的研究方向。
