Hokello Joseph, Sharma Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar, Tyagi Priya, Bhushan Alok, Tyagi Mudit
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Busitema University, Tororo P.O. Box 236, Uganda.
Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Nov 3;9(11):1272. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111272.
The central nervous system (CNS) is highly compartmentalized and serves as a specific site of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Therefore, an understanding of the cellular populations that are infected by HIV or that harbor latent HIV proviruses is imperative in the attempts to address cure strategies, taking into account that HIV infection and latency in the CNS may differ considerably from those in the periphery. HIV replication in the CNS is reported to persist despite prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy due to the inability of the current antiretroviral drugs to penetrate and cross the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, as a result of sustained HIV replication in the CNS even in the face of combination antiretroviral therapy, there is a high incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This article, therefore, provides a comprehensive review of HIV transcriptional regulation, latency, and therapy in the CNS.
中枢神经系统（CNS）具有高度的分隔性，是人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的特定部位。因此，在尝试制定治愈策略时，了解被HIV感染或携带潜伏HIV前病毒的细胞群体至关重要，因为要考虑到HIV在中枢神经系统中的感染和潜伏情况可能与外周有很大差异。据报道，尽管进行了长期的联合抗逆转录病毒治疗，但由于目前的抗逆转录病毒药物无法穿透血脑屏障，HIV在中枢神经系统中的复制仍会持续。因此，即使面对联合抗逆转录病毒治疗，由于HIV在中枢神经系统中持续复制，HIV相关神经认知障碍（HAND）的发病率也很高。因此，本文对中枢神经系统中HIV的转录调控、潜伏及治疗进行了全面综述。
