Bednar Maria M, Sturdevant Christa Buckheit, Tompkins Lauren A, Arrildt Kathryn Twigg, Dukhovlinova Elena, Kincer Laura P, Swanstrom Ronald
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015 Jun;12(2):262-71. doi: 10.1007/s11904-015-0265-9.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection occurs throughout the body and can have dramatic physical effects, such as neurocognitive impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, examining the virus that resides in the CNS is challenging due to its location and can only be done using samples collected either at autopsy, indirectly form the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), or through the use of animal models. The unique milieu of the CNS fosters viral compartmentalization as well as evolution of viral sequences, allowing for new cell types, such as macrophages and microglia, to be infected. Treatment must also cross the blood-brain barrier adding additional obstacles in eliminating viral populations in the CNS. These long-lived infected cell types and treatment barriers may affect functional cure strategies in people on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染遍布全身，可产生显著的身体影响，如中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经认知障碍。此外，由于其位置原因，检测存在于中枢神经系统中的病毒具有挑战性，只能使用在尸检时收集的样本、间接从脑脊液（CSF）中获取的样本或通过使用动物模型来进行。中枢神经系统独特的环境促进了病毒的区室化以及病毒序列的进化，使得新的细胞类型，如巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞，受到感染。治疗还必须穿过血脑屏障，这在消除中枢神经系统中的病毒群体方面增加了额外的障碍。这些长期存在的受感染细胞类型和治疗障碍可能会影响接受高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的患者的功能性治愈策略。
