Department of Exercise Science, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA.
Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 20;13(11):3670. doi: 10.3390/nu13113670.
Previous research indicates that dietary habits may differ between athletes of different sports. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesize meal frequency, food choices, and food preferences will significantly differ between contact types. The participants were athletes ( = 92; men: = 57, body fat percent (BF%): 14.8 ± 8.4%, body mass index (BMI): 25.5 ± 5.5 kg·m; women: = 36, BF%: 26.7 ± 7.3%, BMI: 22.3 ± 2.7 kg·m) from high-contact (HCS), low-contact (LCS), and non-contact (NCS) sports. Meal frequency, food preference, and food choice questionnaires assessed factors influencing dietary habits. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured lean body mass, fat mass, and body fat. A GLM multivariate analysis was used with significance accepted at < 0.05. Significant body composition differences were observed between genders ( < 0.001) and among sports ( < 0.001). Dinner (83.7%), lunch (67.4%), and breakfast (55.4%) were the most frequently eaten meals, followed by evening snack (17.8%), afternoon snack (15.2%), and morning snack (8.7%). Greater preferences for starches were observed for HCS ( = 0.04; η = 0.07) and for a greater preference for vegetables was found for NCS ( = 0.02; η = 0.09). Significant differences also existed in the importance of health ( = 0.04; η = 0.07), weight control ( = 0.05; η = 0.11), natural content ( = 0.04; η = 0.07), and price ( = 0.04; η = 0.07). These results support our hypothesis that food choices and food preferences differ between contact types. This may help sports dieticians create more individualized nutrition programs.
先前的研究表明，不同运动项目的运动员饮食习惯可能存在差异。在这项横断面研究中，我们假设不同接触类型的运动员在进餐频率、食物选择和食物偏好方面会存在显著差异。参与者为高接触（HCS）、低接触（LCS）和非接触（NCS）运动的运动员（n = 92；男性：n = 57，体脂百分比（BF%）：14.8 ± 8.4%，体重指数（BMI）：25.5 ± 5.5 kg·m；女性：n = 36，BF%：26.7 ± 7.3%，BMI：22.3 ± 2.7 kg·m）。采用进餐频率、食物偏好和食物选择调查问卷评估影响饮食习惯的因素。双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）测量瘦体重、脂肪量和体脂。采用 GLM 多变量分析，显著性水平设为 < 0.05。性别之间（ < 0.001）和运动项目之间（ < 0.001）存在显著的身体成分差异。晚餐（83.7%）、午餐（67.4%）和早餐（55.4%）是最常吃的餐，其次是晚餐后零食（17.8%）、下午零食（15.2%）和早餐前零食（8.7%）。HCS 对淀粉的偏好程度更高（ = 0.04；η = 0.07），NCS 对蔬菜的偏好程度更高（ = 0.02；η = 0.09）。在健康（ = 0.04；η = 0.07）、体重控制（ = 0.05；η = 0.11）、天然含量（ = 0.04；η = 0.07）和价格（ = 0.04；η = 0.07）的重要性方面也存在显著差异。这些结果支持我们的假设，即不同接触类型的运动员在食物选择和食物偏好方面存在差异。这可能有助于运动营养师制定更个性化的营养计划。
