Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili-IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 22;13(11):3728. doi: 10.3390/nu13113728.
New dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment are being investigated. However, evidence from dietary interventions is mainly from food and nutrient supplement interventions, with inconsistent results and high heterogeneity between trials. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in MEDLINE-PubMed, from January 2018 to July 2021, investigating the impact of dietary counseling, as well as food-based and dietary supplement interventions on cognitive function in adults with or without cognitive impairment. Based on the search strategy, 197 eligible publications were used for data abstraction. Finally, 61 articles were included in the analysis. There was reasonable evidence that dietary patterns, as well as food and dietary supplements improved cognitive domains or measures of brain integrity. The Mediterranean diet showed promising results, whereas the role of the DASH diet was not clear. Healthy food consumption improved cognitive function, although the quality of these studies was relatively low. The role of dietary supplements was mixed, with strong evidence of the benefits of polyphenols and combinations of nutrients, but with low evidence for PUFAs, vitamin D, specific protein, amino acids, and other types of supplements. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to guide the development of dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment.
正在研究新的饮食方法以预防认知障碍。然而，来自饮食干预的证据主要来自食物和营养补充剂干预，试验之间的结果不一致且存在很大的异质性。我们对 2018 年 1 月至 2021 年 7 月在 MEDLINE-PubMed 上发表的随机对照试验（RCT）进行了全面的系统搜索，以调查饮食咨询以及基于食物和饮食补充剂的干预对有或没有认知障碍的成年人认知功能的影响。根据搜索策略，使用了 197 篇合格出版物进行数据提取。最终，有 61 篇文章纳入分析。有合理的证据表明，饮食模式以及食物和饮食补充剂可以改善认知领域或大脑完整性的衡量标准。地中海饮食显示出有希望的结果，而 DASH 饮食的作用尚不清楚。健康食品的消费可以改善认知功能，尽管这些研究的质量相对较低。饮食补充剂的作用参差不齐，多酚和营养物质组合的益处有强有力的证据，但多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素 D、特定蛋白质、氨基酸和其他类型的补充剂的证据不足。需要进一步进行精心设计的 RCT 来指导预防认知障碍的饮食方法的制定。
