Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Ireland; Department of Health, Ireland.
Department of Health, Ireland.
Vaccine. 2021 Dec 20;39(52):7606-7624. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.025. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
High vaccination rates are needed to protect against influenza and to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Health authorities need to know if supplementing mass communications with direct correspondence to the community would increase uptake.
The primary objective is to determine if sending a single written message directly to individuals increases influenza vaccine uptake, and a secondary objective is to identify any identified content shown to increase influenza vaccine uptake.
MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched for RCTs testing a single correspondence for members of the community in OECD countries to obtain influenza vaccination. A meta-analysis with inverse-variance, random-effects modelling was used to estimate a mean, weighted risk ratio effect size measure of vaccine uptake. Studies were quality assessed and analysis was undertaken to account for potential publication bias.
Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials were included, covering 45 interventions. Of the 45 interventions, 37 (82.2%) report an increase in influenza vaccination rates. A formal meta-analysis shows that sending a single written message increased influenza vaccine uptake by 16%, relative to the no contact comparator group (RR = 1.16, 95% CI [1.13-1.20], Z = 9.25, p < .001). Analysis shows that the intervention is effective across correspondence type, age group, time, and location, and after allowing for risk of publication bias.
The generalizability of results across the OECD may be questioned.
The implication for public health authorities organizing vaccination programs for influenza, and arguably also for COVID-19, is that sending written vaccination correspondence to members of the community is likely to increase uptake. This study is pre-registered on osf.io; details can be found at https://osf.io/98mr7.
需要高疫苗接种率来预防流感并结束 COVID-19 大流行。卫生当局需要知道，向社区直接补充大众传播信息是否会增加疫苗接种率。
主要目的是确定向社区个人发送单一书面信息是否会增加流感疫苗接种率，次要目的是确定任何已确定的内容是否可以增加流感疫苗接种率。
在经合组织国家，使用 MEDLINE、Embase、Cochrane CENTRAL、PsycINFO 和 PubMed 搜索了测试针对社区成员的单一通信以获得流感疫苗接种的 RCT。使用逆方差、随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，以估计疫苗接种率的加权风险比效应量的平均值。对研究进行了质量评估，并进行了分析以考虑潜在的发表偏倚。
共纳入 28 项随机对照试验，涵盖 45 项干预措施。在这 45 项干预措施中，有 37 项（82.2%）报告流感疫苗接种率增加。正式的荟萃分析表明，与无接触对照组相比，发送单一书面信息可使流感疫苗接种率提高 16%（RR=1.16，95%CI[1.13-1.20]，Z=9.25，p<0.001）。分析表明，该干预措施在通信类型、年龄组、时间和地点上均有效，且在考虑到发表偏倚风险后仍然有效。
结果在经合组织国家的推广性可能受到质疑。
对于组织流感疫苗接种计划的公共卫生当局，以及可以说也对 COVID-19 疫苗接种计划，向社区成员发送书面疫苗接种信件可能会增加接种率。本研究在 osf.io 上预先注册；详情可在 https://osf.io/98mr7 上找到。
