Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Semin Immunol. 2021 Mar;53:101531. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101531. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
Neutrophils constitute the body's first line of defense against invading pathogens. Equipped with a large array of tools, these immune cells are highly efficient in eliminating bacterial and viral infections, yet their activity can at the same time be detrimental to the host itself - this is the broad consensus on these granulocytes. However, the last decade has proven that neutrophils are a much more sophisticated cell type with unexpected and underappreciated functions in health and disease. In this review, we look at the latest discoveries in neutrophil biology with a focus on their role during the hallmark setting of type 2 immunity - helminth infection. We discuss the involvement of neutrophils in various helminth infection models and summarize the latest findings regarding neutrophil regulation and effector function. We will show that neutrophils have much more to offer than previously thought and while studies of neutrophils in helminth infections are still in its infancy, recent discoveries highlight more than ever that these cells are a key cog of the immune system, even during type 2 responses.
中性粒细胞是人体抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线。这些免疫细胞配备了大量的工具，在消除细菌和病毒感染方面非常高效，但它们的活动同时也可能对宿主自身造成损害——这是人们对这些粒细胞的普遍共识。然而，过去十年的研究证明，中性粒细胞是一种更为复杂的细胞类型，在健康和疾病中具有意想不到的、被低估的功能。在这篇综述中，我们着眼于中性粒细胞生物学的最新发现，重点关注它们在 2 型免疫标志性特征——寄生虫感染中的作用。我们讨论了中性粒细胞在各种寄生虫感染模型中的参与，并总结了关于中性粒细胞调节和效应功能的最新发现。我们将表明，中性粒细胞的作用比之前想象的要多得多，虽然寄生虫感染中性粒细胞的研究仍处于起步阶段，但最近的发现比以往任何时候都更强调，这些细胞是免疫系统的关键组成部分，即使在 2 型反应中也是如此。
