Biological and Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Iztapalapa Campus, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
Reprod Health. 2021 Nov 27;18(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01293-7.
The emergence of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in humans has been an important tool for the treatment of infertility. The number of treatments performed in Latin America has been increasing, and Mexico is the third country with the most assisted reproduction cycles performed in the region. However, Mexico lacks a national regulation for assisted reproduction. Therefore, it is necessary to implement regulations that allow for a safe clinical practice based on ethics which can be available to any social group.
The aim of this review was to examine the existing legislation that regulates human assisted reproduction practices in Mexico, but also to examine the legal analysis of the policies, laws, and regulations in effect in some countries in Latin America, North America, and Europe. For this, seven databases were consulted, and 34 articles from 2004 to 2021 referring to the practice of ART within the legal framework and the anthropological analysis that this entails were analyzed. Eight documents were also consulted such as the Mexican General Health Law of the Official Journal of the Federation (February 7, 1984) with its last published reform (DOF 01-06-2021). And three official agency websites were also consulted. No specific legislation was found for human assisted reproduction practices in Mexico; however, assisted reproduction clinics are ruled under some agreements implemented by national organizations such as the Mexican Association of Reproductive Medicine and, at the Latin America level, the Latin America Network of Assisted Reproduction (abbreviated REDLARA in Spanish); in addition, the practice of ART is considered, although not explicitly, in the General Health Law.
In Mexico, there is no legal regulation in charge of assisted reproduction practices, which is why there is an urgent need to establish human assisted reproduction laws without incurring discriminatory and unconstitutional acts, and at the same time, be in accordance with scientific advances. This will allow a considerable reduction in the violation of human rights.
人类辅助生殖技术（ART）的出现是治疗不孕不育的重要手段。在拉丁美洲，ART 的治疗数量一直在增加，墨西哥是该地区实施辅助生殖周期最多的国家。然而，墨西哥缺乏辅助生殖的国家监管。因此，有必要制定基于伦理的安全临床实践规定，让任何社会群体都能享受到这些规定。
本综述旨在检查墨西哥现行的规范人类辅助生殖实践的立法，同时还检查了拉丁美洲、北美和欧洲一些国家现行政策、法律和法规的法律分析。为此，查阅了七个数据库，并分析了 2004 年至 2021 年期间与 ART 实践相关的 34 篇文章，这些文章涉及法律框架内的 ART 实践以及由此带来的人类学分析。还查阅了 8 份文件，如《官方公报》（1984 年 2 月 7 日）中的《墨西哥一般卫生法》及其最新公布的修正案（DOF 01-06-2021）。此外，还查阅了三个官方机构网站。在墨西哥，没有发现针对人类辅助生殖实践的具体立法；然而，辅助生殖诊所受一些国家组织实施的协议管辖，如墨西哥生殖医学协会，在拉丁美洲层面上，受拉丁美洲辅助生殖网络（西班牙语缩写为 REDLARA）管辖；此外，ART 的实践虽然没有明确规定，但也被纳入《一般卫生法》。
在墨西哥，没有负责辅助生殖实践的法律监管，因此迫切需要制定人类辅助生殖法，既要避免歧视和违宪行为，又要符合科学进步。这将大大减少侵犯人权的行为。
